Chagai-I

Chagai-I
Chagai-I
	Kelima bom nuklir adalah senjata nuklir tipe delak berbentuk bola
Information
Negara	Pakistan
Tempat	Ras Koh Hills, Chagai, Balochistan, Pakistan
Periode	Mei 1998
Jumlah pengujian	5
Jenis pengujian	Pengujian bawah tanah
Jenis alat	Fisi / Fusi
Kekuatan maks.	40 kiloton TNT (170 TJ); :281–282See note
Kronologi uji coba
	← Kirana-I Chagai-II →

Chagai-I adalah nama kode dari lima uji coba nuklir bawah tanah simultan yang dilakukan oleh Pakistan pada pukul 15:15 PST pada tanggal 28 Mei 1998.^[1]^:281^[3]^[4] Tes ini dilakukan di Ras Koh Hills di Distrik Chagai, Provinsi Balochistan.^[5]

Chagai-I adalah uji publik pertama senjata nuklir Pakistan. Pemilihan waktu pelaksanaannya adalah tanggapan langsung terhadap uji coba nuklir kedua India yang dilakukan pada 11 dan 13 Mei 1998. Tes-tes yang dilakukan oleh Pakistan dan India ini menghasilkan Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 1172 dan sanksi ekonomi untuk kedua negara oleh sejumlah negara besar, terutama Amerika Serikat dan Jepang. Dengan menguji bom nuklir, Pakistan menjadi negara ketujuh yang secara terbuka menguji senjata nuklir.^[6]^:14–15^[7] Uji coba nuklir kedua Pakistan, Chagai-II, dilaksanakan pada 30 Mei 1998.

^ ^a ^b Khan, Feroz Hassan (2012). Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistan Atomic Bomb. Palo Alto, Calif, U.S.: Stanford University Press. p. 521. ISBN 0804784809. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
^ Approximating and calculating the exact, accurate and precise yields are difficult to calculate. Even under very controlled conditions, precise yields can be very hard to determine, and for less controlled conditions the margins of error can be quite large. There are a number of different ways that the yields can be determined, including calculations based on blast size, blast brightness, seismographic data, and the strength of the shock wave. The Pakistan Government authorities puts up the yield range from 35-~40 kt depending on the mathematical calculations they had performed. On other hand, independent and non-government sanctioned organizations puts the figure at the possible 15–20 kt range. The explosion measured 5.54 degrees on the Richter Scale, the PAEC provided the data as public domain in the KNET sources.
^ The Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). 28 May 1998 – Pakistan Nuclear Tests. https://www.ctbto.org/specials/testing-times/28-may-1998-pakistan-nuclear-tests
^ "A Science Oddyssey: Pakistan's Nuclear Emergence". Khwarizmi Science Society, Nuclear Conference, Alhamra Cultural Complex, Qaddafi Stadium, Lahore. Khwarizmi Science Society – khwarizmi.org. 19 October 1998. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (video) tanggal 2019-12-05. Diakses tanggal 6 September 2011.
^ Sublette, Carey (10 September 2001). "Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons Program – 1998: The Year of Testing". nuclearweaponarchive.org. Diakses tanggal 10 May 2012.
^ Rehman, Shahid-ur (1999), "Chapter 5§The Theoretical Physics Group: A Cue to Manhattan Project?", Long Road to Chagai, 1 (1 ed.), Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory: Printwise Publications, pp. 55–101, ISBN 969-8500-00-6
^ Azam, Rai Muhammad Saleh (2000). "When Mountains Move – The Story of Chagai: The Road to Chagai". The Nation. The Nation and Pakistan Defence Journal. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 2011. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[Khan2012-1] Khan, Feroz Hassan (2012). Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistan Atomic Bomb. Palo Alto, Calif, U.S.: Stanford University Press. p. 521. ISBN 0804784809. Retrieved 1 June 2015.

[2] Approximating and calculating the exact, accurate and precise yields are difficult to calculate. Even under very controlled conditions, precise yields can be very hard to determine, and for less controlled conditions the margins of error can be quite large. There are a number of different ways that the yields can be determined, including calculations based on blast size, blast brightness, seismographic data, and the strength of the shock wave. The Pakistan Government authorities puts up the yield range from 35-~40 kt depending on the mathematical calculations they had performed. On other hand, independent and non-government sanctioned organizations puts the figure at the possible 15–20 kt range. The explosion measured 5.54 degrees on the Richter Scale, the PAEC provided the data as public domain in the KNET sources.

[CTBTO-3] The Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). 28 May 1998 – Pakistan Nuclear Tests. https://www.ctbto.org/specials/testing-times/28-may-1998-pakistan-nuclear-tests

[A_Science_Oddyssey:_Pakistan's_Nuclear_Emergence-4] "A Science Oddyssey: Pakistan's Nuclear Emergence". Khwarizmi Science Society, Nuclear Conference, Alhamra Cultural Complex, Qaddafi Stadium, Lahore. Khwarizmi Science Society – khwarizmi.org. 19 October 1998. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (video) tanggal 2019-12-05. Diakses tanggal 6 September 2011.

[nuc-wep-archive-98-5] Sublette, Carey (10 September 2001). "Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons Program – 1998: The Year of Testing". nuclearweaponarchive.org. Diakses tanggal 10 May 2012.

[Rehman1999-6] Rehman, Shahid-ur (1999), "Chapter 5§The Theoretical Physics Group: A Cue to Manhattan Project?", Long Road to Chagai, 1 (1 ed.), Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory: Printwise Publications, pp. 55–101, ISBN 969-8500-00-6

[Azam2000-7] Azam, Rai Muhammad Saleh (2000). "When Mountains Move – The Story of Chagai: The Road to Chagai". The Nation. The Nation and Pakistan Defence Journal. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 2011. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]