Halide

In chemistry, a halide (rarely halogenide^[1]) is a binary chemical compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative (or more electropositive) than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, astatide, or theoretically tennesside compound. The alkali metals combine directly with halogens under appropriate conditions forming halides of the general formula, MX (X = F, Cl, Br or I). Many salts are halides; the hal- syllable in halide and halite reflects this correlation. All Group 1 metals form halides that are white solids at room temperature.^[2]

A halide ion is a halogen atom bearing a negative charge. The common halide anions are fluoride (F⁻), chloride (Cl⁻), bromide (Br⁻), and iodide (I⁻). Such ions are present in many ionic halide salts. Halide minerals contain halides. All these halide anions are colorless. Halides also form covalent bonds, examples being colorless TiF₄, colorless TiCl₄, orange TiBr₄, and brown TiI₄. The heavier members TiCl₄, TiBr₄, TiI₄ can be distilled readily because they are molecular. The outlier is TiF₄, m.p. 284 °C, because it has a polymeric structure. Fluorides often differ from the heavier halides.^[3]

^ "Definition of HALOGENIDE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 694. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[1] "Definition of HALOGENIDE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2022-01-07.

[2] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[3] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 694. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

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