Homofobie

Homofobie (afgelei van homo vir "homoseksueel" en fobie vir "vrees, angs"; albei Griekse woorde) is letterlik die angs vir homoseksualiteit. Die woord is in die 20ste eeu geskep, aanvanklik met 'n negatiewe betekenis: 'n haat vir of afkeer van homoseksuele en homoseksualiteit. Die woord homohaat word ook soms vir die fenomeen ingespan. 'n Persoon wat homofobiese gedrag toon, word 'n homofoob genoem. Dit is egter nie 'n fobie in die ware sin van die woord nie.

Homofobie sluit 'n reeks negatiewe houdings en gevoelens in jeens homoseksualiteit of mense wat hulle identifiseer (of beskou word as) lesbies, gay, biseksueel of transgender ( LGBT ).^{[1] [2][3]} Die woord word gedefinieer as minagting tot iemand anders, vooroordeel, afkeer en haat, en kan moontlik gebaseer wees op 'n irrasionele vrees. Dit kan ook verband hou met godsdienstige oortuigings of idees of 'n kombinasie hiervan. ^{[4] [5]}

Homofobie word beskou as, en is waarneembaar in, veral kritiese en vyandige gedrag jeens ander, soos diskriminasie en geweld op grond van seksuele oriëntasies wat nieheteroseksueel is.

Erkende tipes homofobie sluit in: geïnstitusionaliseerde homofobie, byvoorbeeld godsdienstige homofobie en hoe 'n regering of staat homofobie beskou, en geïnternaliseerde homofobie.^{[6] [7]}

Negatiewe houdings teenoor mense wat hulle as deel van die LGBT-groepe identifiseer, het soortgelyke maar spesifieke name: Lesbofobie is die kruising van homofobie en seksisme wat teen lesbiërs gerig is, gayfobie is die afkeer of haat van gay mans, bifobie teiken biseksualiteit en biseksuele mense, en transfobie teiken transgender en transseksuele mense.^[8]

1. ↑ Adams, Maurianne; Bell, Lee Anne; Griffin, Pat (2007). Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice. Routledge. pp. 198–199. ISBN 978-1135928506. Besoek op 27 Desember 2014. Because of the complicated interplay among gender identity, gender roles, and sexual identity, transgender people are often assumed to be lesbian or gay (See Overview: Sexism, Heterosexism, and Transgender Oppression). ... Because transgender identity challenges a binary conception of sexuality and gender, educators must clarify their own understanding of these concepts. ... Facilitators must be able to help participants understand the connections among sexism, heterosexism, and transgender oppression and the ways in which gender roles are maintained, in part, through homophobia.
2. ↑ Renzetti, Claire M.; Edleson, Jeffrey L. (2008). Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Violence. Sage Publications. p. 338. ISBN 978-1452265919. Besoek op 27 Desember 2014. In a culture of homophobia (an irrational fear of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender [GLBT] people), GLBT people often face a heightened risk of violence specific to their sexual identities.
3. ↑ Schuiling, Kerri Durnell; Likis, Frances E. (2011). Women's Gynecologic Health. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 187–188. ISBN 978-0763756376. Besoek op 27 Desember 2014. Homophobia is an individual's irrational fear or hate of homosexual people. This may include bisexual or transgender persons, but sometimes the more distinct terms of biphobia or transphobia, respectively, are used.
4. ↑ "webster.com". 2008. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 5 Desember 2012. Besoek op 29 Januarie 2008.
5. ↑ Newport, Frank (3 April 2015). "Religion, Same-Sex Relationships and Politics in Indiana and Arkansas". Gallup. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 5 Augustus 2017. Besoek op 12 Junie 2016.
6. ↑ Adams, Maurianne; Bell, Lee Anne; Griffin, Pat (2007). Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice. Routledge. pp. 198–199. ISBN 978-1135928506. Besoek op 27 Desember 2014.
7. ↑ Frost, David M.; Meyer, Ilan H. (2009). "Internalized homophobia and relationship quality among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals". Journal of Counseling Psychology. 56 (1): 97–109. doi:10.1037/a0012844. PMC 2678796. PMID 20047016.
8. ↑ [1]