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Joybubbles (May 25, 1949 – August 8, 2007), born Josef Carl Engressia Jr. in Richmond, Virginia, was an early phone phreak. Born blind, he became interested in telephones at age four.[1] He had absolute pitch, and was able to whistle 2600 hertz into a telephone, an operator tone also used by blue box phreaking devices. Joybubbles said that he had an IQ of "172 or something".[2] Joybubbles died at his Minneapolis home on August 8, 2007 (aged 58). According to his death certificate,[3] he died of natural causes with congestive heart failure as a contributing condition.
- ^ "Joe Engressia, Expert 'Phone Phreak,' Dies". All Things Considered. National Public Radio. 20 August 2007.
- ^ "A Conversation with Joybubbles", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, June 25, 1998, archived from the original on February 18, 2010, retrieved June 10, 2014
- ^ "The History of Phone Phreaking Blog: August 27, 2008".