Pagsakit

An pagsakit o kulog sa mahiwas na sentido,^[1] posibleng sarong eksperiensya nin bakong marhay, posibleng asosyado sa persepsyon nin danyos o banta sa sarong indibidwal.^[2] Sa pangenot na elemento an pagsakit na nagbibilog sa negatibong valence nin apektibong penomena. An kabaliktaran kan pagsakit iyo an kasalinggayahan o kaugmahan.

Parating kinakategorya an pagsakit bilang sarong pisikal^[3] o mental.^[4] Posibleng ini yaon sa gabos na lebel nin intensidad, poon sa banayad pasiring sa intolerable. An mga salik sa durasyon asin frequency kan pangyayari parating kompwesto kan intensidad. An mga atitud sa pagsakit posibleng magin manlaenlaenaen, sa tawong nagsasakit, segun sa kun gurano ini tinatratar bilang malilikayan o dai malilikayan, kapakipakinabang o bakong kapakipakinabang, maninigo o bakong maninigo.

Nangyayari an pagsakit sa mga buhay kan mga linalang na may pagmati sa dakol na paagi, parating dramatiko. Bilang resulta, dakol na langtad kan aktibidad nin tawo igwa nin kinaaraman sa ibang aspekto kan pagsakit. Kabali sa mga aspetong ini iyo an naturalesa kan pagsakit, proseso kaini, ginikanan kaini asin mga kadahilanan, kahulugan kaini asin importansya, mga personal na may kinaaraman diyan, sosyal, asin gawe-gaweng kultural,^[5] mga remedyo kaini, pamamahala asin mga gamit.

↑ See 'Terminology'. See also the entry 'Pleasure' in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, which begins with this paragraph: "Pleasure, in the inclusive usages most important in moral psychology, ethical theory, and the studies of mind, includes all joy and gladness – all our feeling good, or happy. It is often contrasted with similarly inclusive pain or suffering, which is similarly thought of as including all our feeling bad." It should be mentioned that most encyclopedias, like the one mentioned above and Britannica, do not have an article about suffering and describe pain in the physical sense only.
↑ For instance, Wayne Hudson in Historicizing Suffering, Chapter 14 of Perspectives on Human Suffering (Jeff Malpas and Norelle Lickiss, editors, Springer, 2012) : "According to the standard account suffering is a universal human experience described as a negative basic feeling or emotion that involves a subjective character of unpleasantness, aversion, harm or threat of harm to body or mind (Spelman 1997; Cassell 1991)."
↑ Examples of physical suffering: pain of various types, excessive heat, excessive cold, itching, hunger, thirst, nausea, air hunger, sleep deprivation. "IASP Pain Terminology". Archived from the original on September 26, 2008. Retrieved September 11, 2008. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)"UAB – School of Medicine – Center for Palliative and Supportive Care". Archived from the original on 2007-10-28. Retrieved 2008-09-11. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Other examples are given by L. W. Sumner, on p. 103 of Welfare, Happiness, and Ethics: "Think for a moment of the many physical symptoms which, when persistent, can make our lives miserable: nausea, hiccups, sneezing, dizziness, disorientation, loss of balance, itching, 'pins and needles', 'restless legs', tics, twitching, fatigue, difficulty in breathing, and so on."
↑ Mental suffering can also be called psychological or emotional (see Psychological pain). Examples of mental suffering: depression (mood) / hopelessness, grief, sadness / loneliness / heartbreak, disgust, irritation, anger, jealousy, envy, craving or yearning, frustration, anguish, angst, fear, anxiety / panic, shame / guilt, regret, embarrassment / humiliation, restlessness.
↑ Eggerman, Panter Brick, Mark, Catherine (2010). "Suffering, hope, and entrapment: Resilience and cultural values in Afghanistan". Social Science & Medicine 71 (1): 71–83. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.023. PMID 20452111.

[1] See 'Terminology'. See also the entry 'Pleasure' in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, which begins with this paragraph: "Pleasure, in the inclusive usages most important in moral psychology, ethical theory, and the studies of mind, includes all joy and gladness – all our feeling good, or happy. It is often contrasted with similarly inclusive pain or suffering, which is similarly thought of as including all our feeling bad." It should be mentioned that most encyclopedias, like the one mentioned above and Britannica, do not have an article about suffering and describe pain in the physical sense only.

[2] For instance, Wayne Hudson in Historicizing Suffering, Chapter 14 of Perspectives on Human Suffering (Jeff Malpas and Norelle Lickiss, editors, Springer, 2012) : "According to the standard account suffering is a universal human experience described as a negative basic feeling or emotion that involves a subjective character of unpleasantness, aversion, harm or threat of harm to body or mind (Spelman 1997; Cassell 1991)."

[3] Examples of physical suffering: pain of various types, excessive heat, excessive cold, itching, hunger, thirst, nausea, air hunger, sleep deprivation. "IASP Pain Terminology". Archived from the original on September 26, 2008. Retrieved September 11, 2008. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)"UAB – School of Medicine – Center for Palliative and Supportive Care". Archived from the original on 2007-10-28. Retrieved 2008-09-11. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Other examples are given by L. W. Sumner, on p. 103 of Welfare, Happiness, and Ethics: "Think for a moment of the many physical symptoms which, when persistent, can make our lives miserable: nausea, hiccups, sneezing, dizziness, disorientation, loss of balance, itching, 'pins and needles', 'restless legs', tics, twitching, fatigue, difficulty in breathing, and so on."

[4] Mental suffering can also be called psychological or emotional (see Psychological pain). Examples of mental suffering: depression (mood) / hopelessness, grief, sadness / loneliness / heartbreak, disgust, irritation, anger, jealousy, envy, craving or yearning, frustration, anguish, angst, fear, anxiety / panic, shame / guilt, regret, embarrassment / humiliation, restlessness.

[5] Eggerman, Panter Brick, Mark, Catherine (2010). "Suffering, hope, and entrapment: Resilience and cultural values in Afghanistan". Social Science & Medicine 71 (1): 71–83. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.023. PMID 20452111.

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