Reign, the period of time during which an Emperor, king, queen, etc., is ruler
Rex, abbreviated as R., the Latin word meaning King
Regina, abbreviated as R., the Latin word meaning Queen
Regnavit or rexit, abbreviated as r., used in historiography to designate the ruling period of a person in dynastic power, to distinguish from his or her lifespan (e.g. "Charles V (r. 1519–1556)")
Abbreviation R., meaning Rex or Regina. Commonly used for criminal prosecution in Commonwealth realms where offences are brought in the name of the monarch (e.g. "R. v Defendant")