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Simula

This article is about the programming language. For the village in Estonia, see Simula, Estonia.
Not to be confused with Simulia.
Simula
ParadigmsMulti-paradigm: procedural, imperative, structured, object-oriented
FamilyALGOL
Designed byOle-Johan Dahl
DeveloperKristen Nygaard
First appeared1962 (1962)
Stable release
Simula 67, Simula I
Typing disciplineStatic, nominative
ScopeLexical
Implementation languageALGOL 60 (primarily; some components Simscript)
OSUnix-like, Windows, z/OS, TOPS-10, MVS
Websitewww.simula67.info
Influenced by
ALGOL 60, Simscript
Influenced
BETA, CLU, Eiffel, Emerald, Pascal, Smalltalk, C++, and many other object-oriented programming languages

Simula is the name of two simulation programming languages, Simula I and Simula 67, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard. Syntactically, it is an approximate superset of ALGOL 60,[1]: 1.3.1  and was also influenced by the design of Simscript.[2]

Simula 67 introduced objects,[1]: 2, 5.3  classes,[1]: 1.3.3, 2  inheritance and subclasses,[1]: 2.2.1  virtual procedures,[1]: 2.2.3  coroutines,[1]: 9.2  and discrete event simulation,[1]: 14.2  and featured garbage collection.[1]: 9.1  Other forms of subtyping (besides inheriting subclasses) were introduced in Simula derivatives.[citation needed]

Simula is considered the first object-oriented programming language. As its name suggests, the first Simula version by 1962 was designed for doing simulations; Simula 67 though was designed to be a general-purpose programming language[3] and provided the framework for many of the features of object-oriented languages today.

Simula has been used in a wide range of applications such as simulating very-large-scale integration (VLSI) designs, process modeling, communication protocols, algorithms, and other applications such as typesetting, computer graphics, and education. The influence of Simula is often understated, and Simula-type objects are reimplemented in C++, Object Pascal, Java, C#, and many other languages. Computer scientists such as Bjarne Stroustrup, creator of C++, and James Gosling, creator of Java, have acknowledged Simula as a major influence.[4]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Dahl, Ole-Johan; Myhrhaug, Bjørn; Nygaard, Kristen (1970). Common Base Language (PDF) (Report). Norwegian Computing Center. Archived from the original on 2013-12-25. Retrieved 17 November 2020.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. ^ Nygaard, Kristen (1978). "The Development of the Simula Languages" (PDF). The development of .. SIMULA I and SIMULA 67... were influenced by the design of SIMSCRIPT ...
  3. ^ Kristen Nygaard and Ole-Johan Dahl. 1978. The development of the SIMULA languages. History of programming languages. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 439–480. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/800025.1198392
  4. ^ Wong, William. "Before C, What Did You Use?". Electronic Design. Retrieved 22 May 2017.

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