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| Tatenen | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Tatenen, the androgynous personification of the primordial mound of Benben (a modern rendition based on depictions from antiquity). | ||||||
| Name in hieroglyphs |
| |||||
| Major cult center | Memphis | |||||
| Offspring | the Ogdoad (some accounts) | |||||
Tatenen (also Ta-tenen, Tatjenen, Tathenen, Tanen, Tenen, Tanenu, and Tanuu) was the deity of the primordial mound in ancient Egyptian religion. His name means "risen land"[1] or "exalted earth",[2] as well as referring to the silt of the Nile. As a primeval chthonic deity,[3] Tatenen was identified with creation. Both feminine and masculine, he was an androgynous protector of nature from the Memphis area (then known as Men-nefer), the ancient capital of the Inebu-hedj nome in Lower Egypt.
Tatenen represented the Earth and was born in the moment it rose from the watery chaos,[1] analogous to the primeval mound of the benben and mastaba and the later pyramids. He was seen as the source of "food and viands, divine offers, all good things",[4] as his realms were the deep regions beneath the earth "from which everything emerges", specifically including plants, vegetables, and minerals.[3] In the Third Intermediate Period hymn, The Great Hymn of Khnum, he is identified with the creator god Khnum, who created "all that is" on his potter's wheel.[5] This fortuity granted him the titles of both "creator and mother who gave birth to all gods" and "father of all the gods".[1][6] He also personified Egypt (due to his associations with rebirth and the Nile) and was an aspect of the earth-god Geb, as a source of artistic inspiration,[7] as well as assisting the dead in their journey to the afterlife.[8]
He is first attested in the inscriptions that mostly appear on coffins during the First Intermediate Period and Middle Kingdom. In those inscriptions his name appears as Tanenu or Tanuu, 'the inert land', a name which characterizes him as a deity of the primeval condition of the earth. Middle Kingdom texts provide the first examples of the form Tatenen.[3]
With a staff, Tatenen repelled the evil serpent Apep from the Primeval Mound. He also had a magical mace dedicated to the falcon, venerated as "The Great White of the Earth Creator".[9] In one interpretation, Tatenen brought the Djed-pillars of stability to the country,[9] although this is more commonly attributed to Ptah.
- ^ a b c Tatenen. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
- ^ The Egyptian Gods Archived 2009-05-03 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2008-10-21.
- ^ a b c Tatenen Retrieved 2009-10-21.
- ^ C. J. Bleeker. Historia Religionum I: Religions of the Past, p.68
- ^ M. Lichtheim: Ancient Egyptian Literature, Vol.3, p.113
- ^ J. H. Breasted: Ancient Records of Egypt, Part Three, § 411
- ^ J. H. Breasted: Ancient Records of Egypt, Part Two, § 91
- ^ Carol Andrews: The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead, spell 180
- ^ a b Intersexed and Androgynous Deities in Religion or Mythology. Retrieved 2009-10-21.