Boron

Boron, ₅B

boron (β-rhombohedral)[1]
Boron boron·
Pabaosan	/ˈbɔːrɒn/ ​(BOR-on)
Alotrop	α-, β-rhombohedral, β-tetragonal (miwah liyanan)
Cingakan	selem masawang soklat
Bobot atom standar Ar, std(B)	[7001108059999999999♠10.806, 7001108210000000000♠10.821] konvénsional: 7001108100000000000♠10.81
Boron ring tabél périodik
Hidrogén Hélium Litium Bérilium Boron Karbon Nitrogén Oksigén Fluorin Néon Natrium Magnésium Aluminium Silikon Phosfor Urirang Klorin Argon Potasium Kalsium Skandium Titanium Vanadium Kromium Mangan (datu) Wesi Kobalt Nikel Temaga Séng Gallium Gérmanium Arsenik Sélénium Brom Kripton Rubidium Strontium Ittrium Zirkonium Niobium Molibdénum Téknésium Ruthénium Rhodium Palladium Pérak Kadmium Indium Timah Antimoni Téllurium Yodium Xénon Sésium Barium Lanthanum Sérium Praséodimium Néodimium Prométhium Samarium Éuropium Gadolinium Terbium Disprosium Holmium Érbium Thulium Itterbium Lutésium Hafnium Tantalum Tungstén Rhénium Osmium Iridium Platinum Mas Rasa (datu) Thallium Timbal Bismuth Polonium Astatin Radon Fransium Radium Aktinium Thorium Protaktinium Uranium Néptunium Plutonium Amérisium Curium Berkélium Kalifornium Éinsteinium Fermium Méndelevium Nobélium Lawrénsium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnérium Darmstadtium Roéntgénium Kopernikium Nihonium Flérovium Moskovium Livermorium Ténnessin Oganésson – ↑ B ↓ Al bérilium ← boron → karbon
Wilangan atom (Z)	5
Watek	golongan 13 (golongan boron)
Période	période 2
Blok	blok-p
Konpigurasi éléktron	[Hé] 2s2 2p1
Éléktron per kulit	2, 3
Cecirén pisik
Pase ring STP	padet
Titik lebur	2349 K ​(2076 °C, ​3769 °F)
Titik didih	4200 K ​(3927 °C, ​7101 °F)
Kapadetan ri kala éncéh (ring t.l.)	2.08 g/cm3
Panes fusi	50.2 kJ/mol
Panes panguapan	508 kJ/mol
Kapasitas panes molar	11.087 J/(mol·K)
Tekanan uap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2348 2562 2822 3141 3545 4072
Cecirén atom
Paindikan oksidasi	−5, −1, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3[3][4] (oksida asam tenga)
Kaéléktronégatipan	skala Pauling: 2.04
Wasa ionisasi	ka-1: 800.6 kJ/mol ka-2: 2427.1 kJ/mol ka-3: 3659.7 kJ/mol (malih)
Jeriji atom	émpiris: 90 pm
Jeriji kovalén	84±3 pm
Jeriji Van der Waals	192 pm
Garis spéktral saking boron
Cecirén liyanan
Rupa alami	primordial
Struktur kristal	​rombohédron
Kagelisan swara pales tipis	16,200 m/s (ring 20 °C)
Ékspansi térmal	β form: 5–7 µm/(m⋅K) (ring 25 °C)[5]
Konduktivitas térmal	27.4 W/(m⋅K)
Resistivitas listrik	~106 Ω⋅m (ring 20 °C)
bacakan magnétik	diamagnetic[6]
Karentanan magnétik molar	3005330000000000000♠−6.7×10−6 cm3/mol[6]
Kakatosan Mohs	~9.5
Nomor CAS	7440-42-8
Lelintihan
Panemuan	Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard[7] (30 Juni 1808)
Isolasi kapertama	Humphry Davy[8] (9 Juli 1808)
Isotop utama boron
Iso­top Kalimpahan Paruh-idup (t1/2) Mode paluruhan Pro­duk 10B 20% tegteg[9] 11B 80% tegteg[9]
10B 19.1–20.3% madaging ring sampel alami, sareng sisa jyané punika 11B.[10]
Kategori:Boron cingak pabligbagan uah | pustaka

Boron silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol B miwah wilangan atom 5. Kaproduksi samian olih spalasi sunar kosmik miwah supernova miwah nénten olih nukléosintésis bintang, inucap datu kaakéhan akedik ring Tata Surya miwah ring kerak gumi.^[11] Sawatara 0,001 persén saking bobot kerak gumi.^[12]

1. ↑ Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1
2. ↑ Braunschweig, H.; Dewhurst, R. D.; Hammond, K.; Mies, J.; Radacki, K.; Vargas, A. (2012). "Ambient-Temperature Isolation of a Compound with a Boron-Boron Triple Bond". Science. 336 (6087): 1420–2. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1420B. doi:10.1126/science.1221138. PMID 22700924. S2CID 206540959.
3. ↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170 (1): 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.
4. ↑ Melanie Schroeder. Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden (PDF) (ring Jerman). p. 139.
5. ↑ Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.
6. ↑ ^{6,0 6,1} Haynes, William M., ed. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (édisi ka-97th). CRC Press. p. 4.127. ISBN 9781498754293.
7. ↑ Gay Lussac, J.L.; Thenard, L.J. (1808). "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique". Annales de chimie. 68: 169–174. Unknown parameter |name-list-style= ignored (help)
8. ↑ Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 99: 39–104. doi:10.1098/rstl.1809.0005.
9. ↑ ^{9,0 9,1} "Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Kaaksés 2008-09-21.
10. ↑ Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). "Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.
11. ↑ "Q & A: Where does the element Boron come from?". physics.illinois.edu. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 29 May 2012. Kaaksés 2011-12-04.
12. ↑ "Boron". Britannica encyclopedia.