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Somalia

A Koatn vo Somalia.
A politische Koatn vo 2017.
A Koatn vo de Somalischn Gruppn u Velkln.

Somalia, amtle engl. Federal Republic of Somalia, is a Land õn n Hiarl vo Afrika. In n Westn stousst s af Ethiopia, in n Noadwestn af Djibouti[1], in n Noadn af n Gulf of Aden, in n Oustn af n Indischn Ozean un in n Sidwestn af Kenya. Somalia houd dej omlenganna Gstodnlinia zen Festland vo Afrika.[2] Es Terrain bstejt hapsechli as Plateaus, Eemman u Beaḡ.[3] Es ganz Joua herscht a woams u hitzes Klima mid periodischnan Monsunwindnan un schwonkatna Rengfell.[4]

Somalia houd a gschetzta Bvelkaring vo umma 15 millionna Leit[5][6] un is bschrim woan aswej es am mejran kulturell homogenna Land z Afrika.[7][8] Umma 85% vo dej Leit duat san ethnisch Somalis,[3] d wou historisch in n Noadn von n Land glebt hom. Ethnischa Mindahatn konzentrian se af n Siḏn.[9] Amtssprounchn han Somali un Arabisch.[3] D Iwazol vo d Leit san Muslimm,[10] vo dej wou d mejran Sunnitn han.[11]

I da Antikn is Somalia a wichtes Hanḏlszentrum gweng.[12][13] Vill moina, es mythnhafta alta Puntland warad duatn gleng.[14][15][16] I da Zeid von n Mittlolta houd s a poa Somali-Reichh gem, d wou en Hannl vo da Region dominiad hom, doudadrunta es Ajuran-Sultanat, es Sultanat vo Adal un es Geledi-Sultanat.

In n spaadn 19. Jh. san d Somalischn Sultanatt vo Italjen, Grouss Britannjen u Etiopia kolonialesiad woan.[3][17] D Italjena hom d Koloni Italjenisch Somaliland darricht.[18][19] I da Iid-, som. Ciid, u da Nugaal-Region[20] houd en Sayid Mohamed sa Dervish-Bwegung dafolgreich Etiopjen, Italjen u Grouß Brittanjen veja mol zruggschlong un õ s Gstod[21] zruggdrenga kinna, bvua dass s i da Somaliland Kampanje vo 1920 bsigt woan san.[22] Italja hod d Macht in n Noadoustn, i da Mittn, u nou aa i d sidlinga Regionna daglengt, nou dem dass da Krejḡ genga s Majeerteen Sultanat un es Sultanat vo Hobyo 1927 dafolgreich gweng is.[19] 1960 san dej zwoa Regionna, es von ej britisch-bsetzta Somaliland in n Noadn un es von ej italjenisch-bsetzta Somalia in n Oustn, za Somalischn Repablik unta oana Reḡiring zammfejad woan.[23]

Da Iawast Revoluzionsrout houd se 1969 d Macht gschnappt u d Somali Democratic Republic asgrouffn, dej wou 1991, 22 Jouana spaada, min Õfang von n Somalischn Birḡakrejḡ, zammbrochn is. Danou san d mejrann Regionna zen Gwoanats- u zen religjesn Recht zruggkeart. I d frejan 2000a san prowisorischa Bundesbeheadn gschaffn woan. D prowisorische nazionala Reḡiring, engl. Transitional National Government (TNG), hod ma um 2000, dej prowisorischa federala Reḡiring, engl. Transitional Federal Government (TFG), dej wou dej Somalischn Streitkreftt widaheastellt, um 2004 gschaffn.[3][24] 2006 hod d TFG d Kontroll iwa n gresstn Toall vo d sidlinga Konfliktregionna vo da nei furmiatn Union vo islamischn Grichtnan, engl. Islamic Courts Union (ICU). Dej ICU is nou zafolln u radikalere Gruppn hom se õgsplittat, wej d Al-Shabaab, d wou genga d TFG u da Afrikanischn Union irnane AMISOM-Truppn um d Region kempft.[3]

In n Summa 2012 hom d Rebelln d mejrann Regionna valounan ghobt un es Trachtn nou permanentnan demokratischn Instituzionnan is lousganga.[25] A neia prowisorischa Vafassing is in n August 2012 virakumma,[26][27] dej wou Somalia zarana Federazion gmacht houd.[28] In n gleichn Mounad is d Bundesreḡiring vo Somalia furmiad[29] u da Widaafbau z Mogadischu õghebt woan.[25][30] Somalia houd en informelln Wiatschoftssektor pfoltn, da wou ned zletzt i da Vejchawiatschoft, da Hilf duach d Vawondtn in n Asland u da Telekommunikazion fousst.[3][31] Somalia is a Mitglid vo d Vaointn Nazionna, vo da Arabischn Liga, vo da Afrikanischn Union, vo da Bwegung vo d Blockfrein Stootn, u vo da Organisazion fia Islamische Zammoawat.

  1. ↑ Somalia. Britannica.
  2. ↑ Coastline. Central Intelligence Agency. Archiviert vom Original [1] am 16. Juli 2017. Abgerufen am 27. Feba 2021.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 Somalia. Central Intelligence Agency.
  4. ↑ Somalia – Climate , countrystudies.us. 
  5. ↑ "World Population prospects – Population division". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
  6. ↑ "Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
  7. ↑ Ismail, AA (2010). Somali state failure: Players, incentives and institutions. "What is more puzzling is how this could happen in a country like Somalia, the most homogeneous country in Africa both ethnically, religiously, culturally, and linguistically".
  8. ↑ Woldemichael, B (1993). Decentralisation amidst poverty and disunity: The Sudan, 1969–1983. "Somalia, the only homogeneous country in Africa – all its people being ethnic Somalis speaking the same language and professing the same religion"
  9. ↑ Abdullahi 2001.
  10. ↑ Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide. Mepc.org. 1 December 2005. Archiviert vom Original [2] am 14. Dezemba 2006. Abgerufen am 27. Feba 2021.
  11. ↑ Abdullahi 2001.
  12. ↑ John Kenrick (1855), Phoenicia, B. Fellowes, S. 199.
  13. ↑ Casson, Lionel (1984). Ancient Trade and Society. Mich. S. 235. ISBN 0-8143-1740-5.
  14. ↑ Charnan Simon (1990). Explorers of the Ancient World. Childrens Press. S. 26. ISBN 0-516-03053-1.
  15. ↑ Christine El Mahdy (2005) Egypt : 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life, Raincoast Books, S. 297, ISBN 1-55192-879-5.
  16. ↑ Stefan Goodwin (2006), Africa's Legacies of Urbanization: Unfolding Saga of a Continent, Lexington Books, S. 48, ISBN 0-7391-0731-3.
  17. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 1, (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2005), S.163
  18. ↑ Laitin 1977, S. 8.
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe (1996). The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy. London: Haan Associates. S. 34–35. ISBN 1-874209-91-X.
  20. ↑ Diiwaanka gabayadii, 1856-1921, Maxamad Cabdulle Xasan 1999, S. 219
  21. ↑ Kevin Shillington (2005) Encyclopedia of African history, CRC Press, S. 1406, ISBN 1-57958-245-1.
  22. ↑ Samatar 1982.
  23. ↑ The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East, Greystone Press: 1967, S. 338.
  24. ↑ Jeffrey Gettleman. Harvard-Educated Technocrat Chosen as Somalia Premier , 23 June 2011. 
  25. ↑ 25,0 25,1 Somalia rising after two decades of civil war and unrest , Al Arabiya. 
  26. ↑ Somalia: Somali Leaders Adopt Draft Constitution. ANP/AFP.
  27. ↑ Somali leaders back new constitution . 
  28. ↑ Somalia's newly-endorsed constitution widely hailed . 
  29. ↑ Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment' . 
  30. ↑ Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?.
  31. ↑ Central Bank of Somalia – Economy and Finance. Somalbanca.org. Archiviert vom Original [3] am 24. Jenna 2009. Abgerufen am 27. Feba 2021.

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