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Bugarski jezik

Bugarski jezik
български език
Regije govorenjaEvropa
Države govorenja
Jezička porodica
Etnički govorniciBugari
Broj govornika7.6 miliona u Bugarskoj[4]
oko 10 miliona u ostatku svijeta
Sistem pisanjaĆirilica (Bugarska azbuka, od 893), Latinica (Banatbugarska latinica)
Službeni status
Služben uBugarska
Evropska Unija
Manjinski jezik u
Regulator(i)Institut za bugarski jezik, Bugarska akademija nauka
Jezički kod
ISO 639-1bg
ISO 639-2 / 5bul
Linguasphere53-AAA-hb
Glottologbulg1262
Karta
Svijet bugarskog govornog područja:
  regije gdje je bugarski jezik većine
  regije gdje je bugarski jezik značajne manjine
Također pogledajte:
Jezik | Jezičke porodice | Spisak jezika

Bugarski jezik (bugarski: български език), narodni i književni jezik Bugara kojim govori oko 18 miliona ljudi. Pripada južnoslavenskoj jezičnoj grupi; najbliži je makedonskom jeziku (u Bugarskoj se smatra da je makedonski jezik druga varijanta bugarskog jezika). Ova dva jezika imaju nekoliko karakteristika koje ih izdvajaju od svih ostalih slavenskih jezika, uključujući eliminaciju padežne deklinacije, razvoj sufiksnog određenog člana i nedostatak glagolskog infinitiva. Zadržali su i dalje razvili praslovenski glagolski sistem (iako analitički). Jedan takav veliki razvoj je inovacija evidentnih glagolskih oblika za kodiranje izvora informacija: svjedočio, zaključio ili izvijestio.

Službeni je jezik Bugarske, a od 2007. je među službenim jezicima Evropske unije.[12][13] Njim govori najveći dio stanovnika Bugarske i manje grupe u Grčkoj, Rumuniji, Turskoj, Ukrajini, Srbiji i SAD.

  1. ^ Loring M. Danforth, The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World, 1995, Princeton University Press, p.65 , ISBN 0-691-04356-6
  2. ^ Djokić, Dejan (2003). Yugoslavism: Histories of a Failed Idea, 1918-1992. Hurst. str. 122. ISBN 978-1-85065-663-0. With such policies the new Yugoslav authorities largely overcame the residual pro-Bulgarian feeling among much of the population, and survived the split with Bulgaria in 1948. Pro-Bulgarians among Macedonians suffered severe repression as а result. Bulgarian sources assert that thoнsands have lost their lives since 1944, with over 100,000 beiпg imprisoned uпder "the law for the protection of Macedonian national honour" for opposing the new ethnogenesis. However, while occasional trial continued troughout the life of Communist Yugoslavia, the vast bulk took place in the late l 940s. The new authorities were successful in building а distinct national coпsciousness based on the available differences between Macedoпia and Bulgaria proper, апd bу the time Yugoslavia collapsed in the early 1990s, those who continued to look to Bulgaria were very few indeed.18 The change from the pre-war situatioп of unrecognised minority status and attempted assimilation by Serbia to one where the Macedonians were the majority people in their own republic with consideraЫe autonomy within Yнgoslavia's federation/con-federation had obvious attractions...
    18 However, in Macedonia today remain those who identify as Bulgariaпs. Hostility to them reшaiпs, even if less than in Communist Yugoslavia, where it was forbidden to proclaim Bulgarian identity, with the partial exception of the Strumica regioп where the popнlation was allowed more leeway and where most of the 3,000-4,000 Bulgarians in Macedonia in the censнses appearcd. Examples of the coпtinuing hostility are: thc Supreme Court iп January 1994 banпed the pro-Bulgarian Нumап Rights Party led by Ilija Ilijevski and the refused registration of aпother pro-Bulgariaп group in Ohrid and other harassment.
  3. ^ "Bulgarians in Albania". Omda.bg. Arhivirano s originala, 4. 5. 2008. Pristupljeno 23. 4. 2008.
  4. ^ Национален Статистически Институт (2012). Преброяване на населението и жилищния фонд през 2011 година (jezik: bugarski). Том 1: Население. София. str. 33–34, 190. Of the 6.64 million people who answered the optional language question in the 2011 census, 5.66 million (or 85.2%) reported being native speakers of Bulgarian (this amounts to 76.8% of the total population of 7.36 million).
  5. ^ "Národnostní menšiny v České republice a jejich jazyky" [National Minorities in Czech Republic and Their Language] (PDF) (jezik: češki). Government of Czech Republic. str. 2. Arhivirano (PDF) s originala, 14. 7. 2014. Podle čl. 3 odst. 2 Statutu Rady je jejich počet 12 a jsou uživateli těchto menšinových jazyků: ..., srbština a ukrajinština
  6. ^ "Implementation of the Charter in Hungary". Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research. Arhivirano s originala, 27. 2. 2014. Pristupljeno 16. 6. 2014.
  7. ^ Frawley, William (2003). International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (jezik: engleski). Oxford University Press, USA. str. 83. ISBN 978-0-19-513977-8.
  8. ^ Bayır, Derya (2013). Minorities and nationalism in Turkish law. Cultural Diversity and Law. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing. str. 88, 203–204. ISBN 978-1-4094-7254-4.
  9. ^ Toktaş, Şule; Araş, Bulent (2009). "The EU and Minority Rights in Turkey". Political Science Quarterly. 124 (4): 697–720. ISSN 0032-3195. JSTOR 25655744.
  10. ^ Köksal, Yonca (2006). "Minority Policies in Bulgaria and Turkey: The Struggle to Define a Nation". Southeast European and Black Sea Studies (jezik: engleski). 6 (4): 501–521. doi:10.1080/14683850601016390. ISSN 1468-3857.
  11. ^ Özlem, Kader (2019). "An Evaluation on Istanbul's Bulgarians as the "Invisible Minority" of Turkey". Turan-Sam (jezik: English). 11 (43): 387–393. ISSN 1308-8041.CS1 održavanje: nepoznati jezik (link)
  12. ^ EUR-Lex (12. 12. 2006). "Council Regulation (EC) No 1791/2006 of 20 November 2006". Official Journal of the European Union. Europa web portal. Pristupljeno 2. 2. 2007.
  13. ^ "Languages in Europe – Official EU Languages". EUROPA web portal. Arhivirano s originala, 2. 2. 2009. Pristupljeno 12. 10. 2009.

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