Back كونجرس امريكا ال118 ARZ 118. Kongress der Vereinigten Staaten German 118ο Κογκρέσο των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών Greek 118.º Congreso de los Estados Unidos Spanish صد و هجدهمین کنگره ایالات متحده آمریکا Persian 118e congrès des États-Unis French הקונגרס ה-118 של ארצות הברית HE Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok 118. kongresszusa Hungarian 118º Congresso degli Stati Uniti d'America Italian 118e Amerikaans Congres Dutch

118th United States Congress

For a general discussion of the United States government's legislative branch, see United States Congress.

118th United States Congress
117th ←
→ 119th
A photo of the United States Capitol, with a sunrise in the background.
United States Capitol (2024)
January 3, 2023 – January 3, 2025
Members100 senators
435 representatives
6 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityDemocratic
Senate PresidentKamala Harris (D)
House majorityRepublican
House Speaker
Sessions
1st: January 3, 2023 – January 3, 2024
2nd: January 3, 2024 – present
A small pin held onto an article of clothing with a Congressional seal on it
118th Congress House member pin

The 118th United States Congress is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2023, and will end on January 3, 2025, during the final two years of Joe Biden's presidency.

In the 2022 midterm elections, the Republican Party won control of the House 222–213, taking the majority for the first time since the 115th Congress, while the Democratic Party gained one seat in the Senate, where they already had effective control, and giving them a 51–49-seat majority (with a caucus of 48 Democrats and three independents).[b] With Republicans winning the House, the 118th Congress ended the federal government trifecta Democrats held in the 117th.[1]

This congress also features the first female Senate president pro tempore (Patty Murray), the first Black party leader (Hakeem Jeffries) in congressional history, and the longest-serving Senate party leaders (Mitch McConnell and Dick Durbin).[c] The Senate has the highest number of Independent members in a single Congress since the ratification of the 17th Amendment after Joe Manchin left the Democratic Party to become an Independent.[2]

The 118th Congress has been characterized as a uniquely ineffectual Congress, with its most notable events pointing towards political dysfunction.[3] The intense gridlock, particularly in the Republican-controlled House, where the Republican Conference's majority was often undercut by internal disputes amongst its members,[4] resulted in it passing the lowest number of laws for the first year of session since the Richard Nixon administration, and possibly ever.[5] This resulted in the need for a legislative coalition to pass key legislation allowing the minority to exercise powers usually reserved for the majority. The fractuous session demotivated many veteran legislators, with five committee chairs amongst the dozens declaring resignations before the end of the session, three of whom were eligible to reprise their positions if the Republican Party retained their majority for 2025.[6] A higher-than-average number of retiring lawmakers were those attempting to pass bipartisan and collaborative legislation.[7] Two complete discharge petitions were filed in late 2024, both Republican-led with majority Democratic support, demonstrating a trend towards bucking leadership and lack of party discipline;[8] such a gambit was last successful in 2015 to support the Export–Import Bank.

The Congress began with a multi-ballot election for Speaker of the House, which had not happened since the 68th Congress in 1923. Kevin McCarthy was eventually elected speaker on the 15th ballot. After relying on bipartisan votes to get out of a debt ceiling crisis and government shutdown threats, McCarthy became the first speaker to ever be removed from the role during a legislative session on October 3, 2023.[9] Following three failed attempts by various representatives to fill the post, on October 25, Mike Johnson was elected as speaker. Johnson would advance four more bipartisan continuing resolutions from November into March to avoid shutdowns.[10][11] Congress finalized the 2024 United States federal budget on March 23, 2024, through two separate minibus packages.[12] Following a contentious foreign-aid vote, a motion to remove Johnson from the speakership was defeated in a bipartisan vote.[13]

Partisan disciplinary actions have also increased. With the expulsion of New York Representative George Santos from the House in December 2023 over the opposition of the Speaker, this was the first congress since the 107th in which a member was expelled, and the first ever in which a Republican was. There was also an increase of censures passed in the House,[14] being the first congress with multiple censures since the 1983 congressional page sex scandal and the most in one year since 1870. In December 2023, House Republicans authorized an impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden,[15] followed by the impeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas in February 2024, the first time a cabinet secretary has been the target of impeachment proceedings since William W. Belknap in 1876, and only the second such cabinet impeachment in history.[16][17] The charges were dismissed by the Senate, the first time the Senate dismissed impeachment articles without trial after the reading.[18]


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  1. ^ "Republicans win control of the House, NBC News projects, overtaking Democrats by a slim margin". NBC News. November 16, 2022. Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
  2. ^ Winger, Richard (May 31, 2024). "Senator Joe Manchin Changes His Registration from Democratic to Independent". Ballot Access News. Archived from the original on June 23, 2024. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
  3. ^ Binder, Sarah (December 26, 2023). "Why Congress's 2023 was so dismal". Good Authority. Archived from the original on December 26, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
  4. ^ Garrity, Kelly (November 15, 2023). "Why Republicans Are on the Verge of Fistfights". Politico. Archived from the original on November 17, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2023.
  5. ^ "Capitol Hill stunner: 2023 led to fewest laws in decades". Axios. 2023.
  6. ^ Wong, Scott (February 22, 2024). "Republican dysfunction drives a wave of House retirements". NBC News. Archived from the original on March 18, 2024. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  7. ^ Haner, Joanne (October 9, 2024). "Analysis shows disproportionate departure of 'bridgers' in Congress". The Hill.
  8. ^ Folley, Aris (September 26, 2024). "Effort to force vote on Social Security bill stirs unrest in House GOP". The Hill.
  9. ^ "House makes history, removes McCarthy as Speaker". The Hill. October 3, 2023.
  10. ^ "President Joe Biden signs bill to avoid a partial government shutdown". AP News. January 19, 2024. Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  11. ^ Yilek, Caitlin (March 1, 2024). "Biden signs short-term funding bill to avert government shutdown". CBS News.
  12. ^ Wondra, Jan (March 23, 2024). "CONGRESS FINALLY PASSES BIPARTISAN FUNDING BILLS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2024". Ark Valley Voice. Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  13. ^ Schnell, Mychael (May 8, 2024). "House blocks Greene's resolution to oust Johnson". The Hill. Archived from the original on May 8, 2024. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  14. ^ Schnell, Mychael (December 6, 2023). "GOP advances Bowman censure resolution, teeing up final vote". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 8, 2024. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
  15. ^ "Biden impeachment inquiry authorized by House Republicans, despite lack of evidence". Reuters. 2023. Archived from the original on December 14, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
  16. ^ Beitsch, Rebecca (February 6, 2024). "In stunner, House GOP bid to impeach Mayorkas fails". The Hill. Archived from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
  17. ^ Parkinson, Josh; Peller, Lauren; Ali, Ayesha (February 13, 2024). "House Republicans impeach Homeland Security Secretary Mayorkas in historic, controversial vote". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 14, 2024. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
  18. ^ Nazzaro, Miranda (April 18, 2024). "Cruz: Democrats tossed '2 centuries of precedent' by rejecting Mayorkas articles of impeachment". The Hill. Archived from the original on April 20, 2024. Retrieved April 20, 2024.

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