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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1861 by topic |
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| Humanities |
| By country |
| Other topics |
| Lists of leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works category |
| Gregorian calendar | 1861 MDCCCLXI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2614 |
| Armenian calendar | 1310 ԹՎ ՌՅԺ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6611 |
| Baháʼí calendar | 17–18 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1782–1783 |
| Bengali calendar | 1268 |
| Berber calendar | 2811 |
| British Regnal year | 24 Vict. 1 – 25 Vict. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2405 |
| Burmese calendar | 1223 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7369–7370 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚申年 (Metal Monkey) 4558 or 4351 — to — 辛酉年 (Metal Rooster) 4559 or 4352 |
| Coptic calendar | 1577–1578 |
| Discordian calendar | 3027 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1853–1854 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5621–5622 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1917–1918 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1782–1783 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4961–4962 |
| Holocene calendar | 11861 |
| Igbo calendar | 861–862 |
| Iranian calendar | 1239–1240 |
| Islamic calendar | 1277–1278 |
| Japanese calendar | Man'en 2 / Bunkyū 1 (文久元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1789–1790 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
| Korean calendar | 4194 |
| Minguo calendar | 51 before ROC 民前51年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 393 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2403–2404 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳金猴年 (male Iron-Monkey) 1987 or 1606 or 834 — to — 阴金鸡年 (female Iron-Rooster) 1988 or 1607 or 835 |
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1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1861st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 861st year of the 2nd millennium, the 61st year of the 19th century, and the 2nd year of the 1860s decade. As of the start of 1861, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
This year saw significant progress in the Unification of Italy, the outbreak of the American Civil War, and the emancipation reform abolishing serfdom in the Russian Empire.