Back 1878 Abkhazian 1878 Afrikaans 1878 ALS 1878 እ.ኤ.አ. Amharic 1878 AN 1878 Arabic 1878 ARY 1878 ARZ 1878 AST 1878 AVK
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1878 by topic |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1878 MDCCCLXXVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2631 |
| Armenian calendar | 1327 ԹՎ ՌՅԻԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6628 |
| Baháʼí calendar | 34–35 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1799–1800 |
| Bengali calendar | 1285 |
| Berber calendar | 2828 |
| British Regnal year | 41 Vict. 1 – 42 Vict. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2422 |
| Burmese calendar | 1240 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7386–7387 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁丑年 (Fire Ox) 4575 or 4368 — to — 戊寅年 (Earth Tiger) 4576 or 4369 |
| Coptic calendar | 1594–1595 |
| Discordian calendar | 3044 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1870–1871 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5638–5639 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1934–1935 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1799–1800 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4978–4979 |
| Holocene calendar | 11878 |
| Igbo calendar | 878–879 |
| Iranian calendar | 1256–1257 |
| Islamic calendar | 1294–1296 |
| Japanese calendar | Meiji 11 (明治１１年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1806–1807 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
| Korean calendar | 4211 |
| Minguo calendar | 34 before ROC 民前34年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 410 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2420–2421 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火牛年 (female Fire-Ox) 2004 or 1623 or 851 — to — 阳土虎年 (male Earth-Tiger) 2005 or 1624 or 852 |
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1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1878th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 878th year of the 2nd millennium, the 78th year of the 19th century, and the 9th year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1878, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.