1906 Australian federal election

1906 Australian federal election

← 1903 12 December 1906 (1906-12-12) 1910 →
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All 75 seats in the House of Representatives 38 seats were needed for a majority in the House 18 (of the 36) seats in the Senate
Registered	2,109,562 11.41%
Turnout	1,001,593 (47.48%)[a] (8.43 pp)
First party Second party   Leader Chris Watson George Reid Party Labour Anti-Socialist Leader since 20 May 1901 (1901-05-20) 11 May 1901 (1901-05-11) Leader's seat South Sydney (NSW) East Sydney (NSW) Last election 22 seats 24 seats Seats won 26 seats 26 seats Seat change 4 2 Popular vote 348,712 345,781 Percentage 36.64% 36.33% Swing 6.86% 4.60%   Third party Fourth party   Leader Alfred Deakin John Forrest Party Protectionist Western Australian Party Leader since 24 September 1903 (1903-09-24) 1906 (1906) Leader's seat Ballaarat (Vic.) Swan (WA) Last election 26 seats New party Seats won 16 seats 2 seats Seat change 10 2 Popular vote 155,991 22,154 Percentage 16.39% 2.33% Swing 12.84% 2.33%
Results by division for the House of Representatives, shaded by winning party's margin of victory.
Prime Minister before election Alfred Deakin Protectionist Subsequent Prime Minister Alfred Deakin Protectionist

The 1906 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 12 December 1906. All 75 seats in the House of Representatives, and 18 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Protectionist Party minority government led by Prime Minister Alfred Deakin retained government, despite winning the fewest House of Representatives votes and seats of the three parties. Parliamentary support was provided by the Labour Party led by Chris Watson, while the Anti-Socialist Party (renamed from the Free Trade Party), led by George Reid, remained in opposition.

Watson resigned as Labour leader in October 1907 and was replaced by Andrew Fisher. The Protectionist minority government fell in November 1908 to Labour, and a few days later Reid resigned as Anti-Socialist leader, being replaced by Joseph Cook. The Labour minority government fell in June 1909 to the newly formed Commonwealth Liberal Party led by Deakin; this Party was formed on a shared anti-Labour platform as a merger organised between Deakin, the leader of the Protectionists, and Cook, the leader of the Anti-Socialists, to counter Labour's growing popularity. The merger did not sit well with several of the more progressive Protectionists, who defected to Labour or sat as independents.

The merger would allow the Deakin Commonwealth Liberals to construct a mid-term parliamentary majority, however less than a year later, at the 1910 election, Labour won both majority government and a Senate majority, representing a number of firsts: it was Australia's first elected federal majority government, Australia's first elected Senate majority, the world's first Labour Party majority government at a national level, and after the 1904 Watson minority government, the world's second Labour Party government at a national level.
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