Back Eleición de l'Asamblea Constituyente Rusa de 1917 AST Ümum-Rusiya Müəssislər Məclisinə seçkilər Azerbaijani Бөтә Рәсәй Ойоштороу йыйылышына һайлауҙар Bashkir Eleccions legislatives russes de 1917 Catalan Volby do Ruského ústavodárného shromáždění 1917 Czech Balotado por la Rusia Konstitucifara Asembleo de 1917 Esperanto Elección de la Asamblea Constituyente Rusa de 1917 Spanish Élections constituantes russes de 1917 French Pemilihan Majelis Konstituen Rusia 1917 ID Elezioni dell'Assemblea costituente panrussa del 1917 Italian
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All 767 seats in the Russian Constituent Assembly 384 seats required for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 45,879,381 (64%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Winning party by constituency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Composition of the elected legislature | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly were held on 25 November 1917.[a] Organized as a result of events in the February Revolution, the elections took place two months after they had been originally meant to occur. They are generally recognised as the first free elections in Russian history,[1] though they did not produce a democratically elected government, as the Bolsheviks subsequently disbanded the Constituent Assembly and proceeded to rule the country as a one-party state with all opposition parties banned.[2][3][4]
Various academic studies have given alternative results. However, all indicate that the Bolsheviks were clear winners in the urban centres, and also took around two-thirds of the votes of soldiers on the Western Front. Nevertheless, the Socialist-Revolutionary party topped the polls, winning a plurality of seats (no party won a majority) on the strength of support from the country's rural peasantry, who were for the most part one-issue voters, that issue being land reform.[1]
Some modern Marxist theoreticians have contested the view that a one-party state was a natural outgrowth of the Bolsheviks' actions.[5] George Novack stressed the initial efforts by the Bolsheviks to form a government with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries and bring other parties such as the Mensheviks into political legality.[6] Tony Cliff argued the Bolshevik-Left Socialist Revolutionary coalition government dissolved the Constituent Assembly due to a number of reasons. They cited outdated voter-rolls that did not acknowledge the split within the Socialist Revolutionary Party and the assembly's conflict with the elected Russian Congress of the Soviets as an alternative, democratic structure.[7] The dissolution of the Constituent Assembly was also approved by the Left Socialist Revolutionaries and anarchists; both groups were in favour of a more extensive democracy.[8]
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- ^ a b Dando, William A. (June 1966). "A Map of the Election to the Russian Constituent Assembly of 1917". Slavic Review. 25 (2): 314–319. doi:10.2307/2492782. ISSN 0037-6779. JSTOR 2492782. S2CID 156132823.
- ^ Концепция социалистической демократии: опыт реализации в СССР и современные перспективы в СНГ
- ^ Ulam (1998), p. 397; Sakwa (1999), p. 73; Judson (1998), p. 229; Marples (2010), p. 38; Hough & Fainsod (1979), pp. 80–81; Dowlah & Elliott (1997), p. 18
- ^ Soviet Union at Encyclopedia Britannica
- ^ Grant, Alex (1 November 2017). "Top 10 lies about the Bolshevik Revolution". In Defence of Marxism.
- ^ Novack, George (1971). Democracy and Revolution. Pathfinder. pp. 307–347. ISBN 978-0-87348-192-2.
- ^ Cliff, Tony. "Revolution Besieged. The Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly)". www.marxists.org.
- ^ Liebman, Marcel (1975). Leninism under Lenin. London : J. Cape. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-224-01072-6.