Back الحرب على غزة 2012 Arabic Operación Pilar Defensivu AST ۲۰۱۲ ایسرائیل-غزه چاتیشمالاری AZB Аперацыя «Хмарны слуп» Byelorussian Операция „Облачен стълб“ Bulgarian Operació Columna de Núvol Catalan Operace Pilíř obrany Czech Ymgyrch Colofn o Niwl Welsh Operation Wolkensäule German Operación Pilar Defensivo Spanish

2012 Gaza War

For other conflicts called the "Gaza War", see Gaza War (2008–2009), 2014 Gaza War, and Israel–Hamas war.

Operation Pillar of Defense
Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

Iron Dome launches during operation Pillar of Defense
Date14–21 November 2012
(1 week)
Location
Gaza Strip Gaza Strip
 Israel
30°40′N 34°50′E / 30.667°N 34.833°E / 30.667; 34.833
Result

Ceasefire, both sides claim victory[6][7][8]

  • According to Israel, the operation "severely impaired Hamas's launching capabilities."[9]
  • According to Hamas, their rocket strikes led to the ceasefire deal[10]
  • Cessation of rocket fire from Gaza into Israel.[11]
  • Gaza fishermen allowed 6 nmi (11 km) out to sea for fishing;[12] reduced back to 3 nmi (6 km) after 22 March 2013[13]
Belligerents
 Israel

Gaza Strip Gaza Strip (under Hamas government)

Commanders and leaders

Benjamin Netanyahu
Prime Minister
Ehud Barak
Minister of Defense
Benny Gantz
Chief of General Staff
Amir Eshel
Air Force Commander

Yoram Cohen
Director of Israel Security Agency (Shin Bet)

Ismail Haniyeh
(Prime Minister of the Hamas Authority)
Mohammed Deif
(Commander of Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades)
Ahmed Jabari (KIA)
(Deputy commander of Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades)

Ramadan Shallah
(Secretary-General of Palestinian Islamic Jihad)
Abu Jamal[2]
(spokesperson of the Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades)
Strength
Israeli Southern Command and up to 75,000 reservists[14] 10,000 Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades
8,000 Islamic Jihad
Unknown for the rest
10,000 Security forces.[15]
Casualties and losses

Civilians:
4 killed, 219 injured[16]

Combatants:
2 killed, 20 wounded

Civilians:
105 killed, 971 wounded (Palestinian claim)[17]
103 killed (UN preliminary estimate)[18]
57[19]-68[20] killed (Israeli and ITIC claim)
87 killed (B'Tselem claim)[21]

Combatants:
55 killed, 29 wounded
[17] (Palestinian claim)
101[20]-120[19] killed (Israeli claim)
55 killed (UN preliminary estimate)[18]
62 killed (B'Tselem claim)[21]

6 Palestinians killed for allegedly spying for Israel[22]

In November 2012, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) launched Operation Pillar of Defense (Hebrew: עַמּוּד עָנָן, ʿAmúd ʿAnán, literally: "Pillar of Cloud"),[23] which was an eight-day campaign in the Hamas-governed Gaza Strip, beginning on 14 November 2012 with the killing of Ahmed Jabari, chief of the Gaza military wing of Hamas, by an Israeli airstrike.[24][25][26][27]

The operation was preceded by a period with a number of mutual Israeli–Palestinian responsive attacks.[28] According to the Israeli government, the operation began in response to the launch of over 100 rockets at Israel during a 24-hour period,[29][30] an attack by Gaza militants on an Israeli military patrol jeep within Israeli borders,[citation needed] and an explosion caused by improvised explosive devices (IEDs), which occurred near Israeli soldiers, on the Israeli side of a tunnel passing under the Israeli West Bank barrier.[31][32] The Israeli government stated that the aims of the military operation were to halt rocket attacks against civilian targets originating from the Gaza Strip[33][34] and to disrupt the capabilities of militant organizations.[35] The Palestinians blamed the Israeli government for the upsurge in violence, accusing the IDF of attacks on Gazan civilians in the days leading up to the operation.[36] They cited the blockade of the Gaza Strip and the occupation of West Bank, including East Jerusalem, as the reason for rocket attacks.[24]

During the course of the operation, the IDF claimed to have struck more than 1,500 sites in the Gaza Strip,[37] including rocket launchpads, weapon depots, government facilities, and apartment blocks.[38] According to a United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) report, 174 Palestinians were killed and hundreds were wounded.[39] Approximately 350–700 families were displaced.[40][19][41][42] One airstrike[43] killed ten members of the al-Dalu family. Some Palestinian casualties were caused by misfired Palestinian rockets landing inside the Gaza Strip.[44] Eight Palestinians were executed by members of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades for alleged collaboration with Israel.[45][46][47]

During the operation, Hamas, the al-Qassam Brigades and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) further intensified their rocket attacks on Israeli cities and towns, in an operation code named Operation Stones of Baked Clay (Arabic: حجارة سجيل, ḥijārat sijīl) by the al-Qassam Brigades,[48] firing over 1,456 rockets into Israel, and an additional 142 which fell inside Gaza itself.[49] Palestinian militant groups used weapons including Iranian-made Fajr-5, Russian-made Grad rockets, Qassams, and mortars.[citation needed] Some of these weapons were fired into Rishon LeZion, Beersheba, Ashdod, Ashkelon, and other population centers. Tel Aviv was hit for the first time since the 1991 Gulf War, and rockets were fired at Jerusalem.[50] The rockets killed three Israeli civilians in a direct hit on a home in Kiryat Malachi.[25][46][51] By the end of the operation, six Israelis had been killed, two hundred forty were injured, and more than two hundred had been treated for anxiety by Magen David Adom, an Israeli medical organization.[56] About 421 rockets were intercepted by Israel's Iron Dome missile defense system, another 142 fell on Gaza itself, 875 fell in open areas, and 58 hit urban areas in Israel.[49][57] A bus in Tel Aviv was bombed by an Arab-Israeli, injuring 28 civilians.[58]

Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other Western countries expressed support for what they considered Israel's right to defend itself, or condemned the Hamas rocket attacks on Israel.[70] China,[71] Iran, Russia, Egypt, Turkey, and several other Arab and Muslim countries condemned the Israeli operation.[75] The United Nations Security Council held an emergency session on the situation, but did not reach a decision.[76] After days of negotiations between Hamas and Israel, a ceasefire mediated by Egypt was announced on 21 November.[77][78][79] Both sides claimed victory. Israel said that it had achieved its aim of crippling Hamas's rocket-launching ability,[80] while Hamas stated that Israel's option of invading Gaza had ended.[81][82] According to Human Rights Watch, both sides violated the laws of war during the fighting.[83][84][85]

  1. ^ "IDF believes Hamas, Islamic Jihad will honor cease-fire". The Jerusalem Post. 22 November 2012. Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  2. ^ a b "PFLP says fighters will continue to strike Israel". Ma'an News Agency. 17 November 2012. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  3. ^ "Occupied Quds City Targeted by Palestinian Missile". Fars News Agency. 20 November 2012. Archived from the original on 16 December 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  4. ^ "Fatah: We also fought against Israel in Pillar of Defense". The Jerusalem Post. 24 November 2012. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  5. ^ "Jaysh al-Ummah (Gaza)". European Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  6. ^ Londoño, Ernesto; Birnbaum, Michael (21 November 2012). "After Israel, Hamas reach Gaza cease-fire, both sides claim victory". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  7. ^ Kalman, Matthew; Sengupta, Kim (21 November 2012). "Fragile truce deal hailed as a victory on both sides". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  8. ^ Ahren, Raphael (21 November 2012). "Israel says it 'fulfilled all its goals,' while Hamas hails an 'exceptional victory'". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  9. ^ Lyon, Alistair, ed. (21 November 2012). "Israel's battle damage report says Hamas crippled". Jewish Journal. Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  10. ^ Balmer, Crispian (21 November 2012). "Analysis: Relief at Gaza ceasefire can't mask its frailty". Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  11. ^ Ravid, Barak (22 November 2012). "Israel's Pillar of Defense achieved its goals". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  12. ^ "Israel eases restrictions on Gaza fishing – Middle East – Al Jazeera English". Aljazeera.com. 25 November 2012. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  13. ^ Williams, Dan (22 March 2013). "Hamas appeals to Egypt after Israel halves Gaza fishing zone". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  14. ^ "Rocket fired from Gaza lands near Jerusalem". Al Jazeera English. 4 October 2011. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  15. ^ "The main armed groups in Gaza". gulfnews.com. 19 November 2012. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  16. ^ a b "Israel under fire – November 2012". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Israel. 22 November 2012. Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  17. ^ a b "The total numbers of victims". Palestinian Center for Human Rights. 24 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2 December 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  18. ^ a b "Gaza baby 'only knew how to smile'". BBC News. 25 November 2012. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
  19. ^ a b c "After eight days of fighting, ceasefire is put to the test". Times of Israel. 21 November 2012. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  20. ^ a b "Operation Pillar of Defence" (PDF). Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center. 16 December 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
  21. ^ a b "Operation Pillar of Defence Report". B'tselem. 8 May 2013. Archived from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  22. ^ "Hamas executes six suspected informants for Israel on Gaza street". The Guardian. Associated press. 20 November 2012. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  23. ^ "Chief of Staff Declares 'Operation Pillar of Cloud'". Arutz Sheva. 14 November 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  24. ^ a b "Q&A: Israel-Gaza violence". BBC News. 20 November 2012. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  25. ^ a b "Day 2: 300+ Rockets Fired at Israel Since Start of Operation Pillar of Defense" (live updates). Algemeiner. 15 November 2012. Archived from the original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  26. ^ Lappin, Yaakov (14 November 2012). "Israeli air strike kills top Hamas commander Jabari". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  27. ^ Kalman, Matthew (15 November 2012). "Massed Israeli troops poised for invasion of Gaza". The Independent. UK. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  28. ^ Cite error: The named reference Haaretz_blame_mullet was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  29. ^ "Gaza groups pound Israel with over 100 rockets". The Jerusalem Post. 11 December 2012. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  30. ^ Cite error: The named reference pound was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  31. ^ "Israel: Tunnel Explodes on Gaza Border". ABC News. 10 November 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2012.[dead link]
  32. ^ "Operation Pillar of Defense – Selected statements". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, israel. 20 November 2012. Archived from the original on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  33. ^ Cite error: The named reference UNHCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  34. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (16 November 2012). "Jerusalem and Tel Aviv under rocket fire, Netanyahu warns Gaza". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  35. ^ "Israeli air strike kills top Hamas commander Jabari". The Jerusalem Post. 14 November 2012. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  36. ^ "Israel warns Hamas of 'heavy price' for Gaza rockets". 11 November 2012. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  37. ^ "LIVE BLOG: Day 8 of Israel-Gaza conflict 2012". Haaretz. 22 November 2012. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  38. ^ "Factbox: Gaza targets bombed by Israel". Reuters. 21 November 2012. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  39. ^ Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the implementation of Human Rights Council resolutions S-9/1 and S-12/1, Addendum Archived 25 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine, 6 March 2013.
  40. ^ "Escalation in Hostilities, Gaza and southern Israel" (PDF). Situation Report. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 26 November 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
  41. ^ "Israel Gaza Attacks Intensify Despite Truce Talks". The Huffington Post. The Associated Press. 20 November 2012. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  42. ^ Initial Findings: 40 of the Palestinians killed by the Israeli military up to the night of 19 Nov. were civilians, among them 19 minors., B'Tselem 21 November 2012 Archived 2 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  43. ^ "Dalu Family in Gaza Mourns Dead After Israel Bombs House". The Huffington Post. Reuters. 19 November 2012. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  44. ^ "Israeli forces prepare for war as troops mass on Gaza border". Telegraph. London. 17 November 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  45. ^ Mistaken Lull, Simple Errand, Death in Gaza Archived 25 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 16 November 2012
  46. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference toi7b was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  47. ^ JODI RUDOREN. "Collaborators fall prey to both sides in Gaza ; Price of being suspected, much less convicted, can be fatal – and gruesome." International Herald Tribune. 2012
  48. ^ "كتائب القسام تبدأ عملية "حجارة سجيل" ضد إسرائيل". Al-sharq.com. 15 November 2012. Archived from the original on 16 December 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  49. ^ a b Ban Ki-moon; UN Secretary-General (21 November 2012). "Secretary-General's remarks to the Security Council [as delivered]". Tel Aviv. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2012. Overall, in that same time period, more than 1,456 rockets have been fired from Gaza into Israel. 142 have fallen inside Gaza itself. Approximately 409 were intercepted by the Iron Dome anti-missile system. (...) Since Israel's targeted assassination from the air, on 14 November, of Ahmed Jaabari, chief of Hamas' military wing, and with Israel's offensive in Gaza in its eighth day, the Israel Defense Forces publicly reported that it has conducted strikes at more than 1,450 targets in Gaza.
  50. ^ Lappin, Yaakov; Lazaroff, Tovah (15 November 2012). "Gaza rocket hits area south of Tel Aviv for first time". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 19 February 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  51. ^ Cite error: The named reference gu18 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  52. ^ Rettig, Haviv (21 November 2012). "Title: After eight days of fighting, ceasefire is put to the test. TOI. Nov 2012". Timesofisrael.com. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  53. ^ "MDA: 16 injured in South on sixth day of operation". The Jerusalem Post. 19 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  54. ^ 70 Israelis injured in rocket attacks in last 24 hours Archived 19 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Jerusalem Post 15 November 2012
  55. ^ Oster, Marcy (22 November 2012). "Title: six Israelis die in Operation Pillar of Defense. JTA. 12 Nov". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  56. ^ [16][52][53][54][55]
  57. ^ Levinson, Charles; Adam Entous (26 November 2012). "Israel's Iron Dome Defense Battled to Get Off the Ground". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 13 October 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
  58. ^ "Terror attack: Blast on Tel Aviv bus; 28 hurt". Ynet News. 21 November 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  59. ^ Lazaroff, Tovah (16 November 2012). "Ashton, Merkel say Israel has right to defend itself". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 19 February 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  60. ^ "Gaza Rocket Attacks" (Press release). US: Department of State. 14 November 2012. Archived from the original on 30 June 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  61. ^ "Foreign Secretary statement on Gaza and southern Israel". UK: Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  62. ^ al-Mughrabi, Nidal (14 November 2012). "UPDATE 8-Rockets hits near Tel Aviv as Gaza death toll rises". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 November 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  63. ^ Hall, Bianca (16 November 2012). "Gillard condemns attacks on Israel" (Press release). AU: Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  64. ^ "Les ministres européens mettent en garde Israël quant à l'escalade de la violence à Gaza" [European ministers warn Israel about escalade of violence in Gaza] (in French). EurActiv. 16 November 2012. Archived from the original on 6 June 2013.
  65. ^ "Foreign minister Nikolay Mladenov commenting on the situation in southern Israel and the Gaza Strip". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bulgaria). 15 November 2012. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  66. ^ "Canada Condemns Hamas and Stands with Israel" (Press release). CA: Foreign Affairs and International Trade. 14 November 2012. Archived from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  67. ^ Statement of MFA on Israel and the Gaza Strip Archived 23 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic 15 November 2012
  68. ^ Timmermans condemns rocket attacks on Israel from Gaza Archived 20 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Government of the Netherlands 13 November 2012
  69. ^ a b "Russia condemns 'disproportionate' strikes on Gaza". The Daily Star. LB. 15 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  70. ^ [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]
  71. ^ "Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying's Regular Press Conference on November 19, 2012". Consulate General of the People's Republic of China in New York. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 19 November 2012. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  72. ^ "At the UN, Pakistan slams Israel's offensive in Gaza". The Express Tribune. PK. 15 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  73. ^ "Morocco Strongly Condemns Israeli Raids on Gaza". Rabat, BH. Bahrain News Agency. 15 November 2012. Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  74. ^ "Lebanese president: Israeli attack on Gaza obstructs peace". NOW Lebanon. 15 November 2012. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  75. ^ [69][72][73][74]
  76. ^ "Gaza toll rises as UN calls for end to the bloodshed". The Daily Telegraph. UK. 15 November 2012. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  77. ^ Kirkpatrick, David D.; Rudoren, Jodi (21 November 2012). "Cease-Fire Between Israel and Hamas Takes Effect". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  78. ^ Owen, Paul (19 November 2012). "Israel-Gaza: truce talks ongoing in Cairo – live updates". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  79. ^ Iron Dome protects Tel Aviv as army warns of long fight ahead Archived 24 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Times of Israel 17 November 2012
  80. ^ Israel dealt Hamas 'a heavy blow' and is prepared to resume offensive if need be, Netanyahu says Archived 16 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Times of Israel 22 November 2012
  81. ^ Gaza leader Haniyeh thanks Iran for helping make Israel ‘scream with pain' Archived 7 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Times of Israel 22 November 2012
  82. ^ IBRAHIM BARZAK and KARIN LAUB The Associated Press (22 November 2012). "Hamas claims victory as ceasefire starts". The Chronicle Herald. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  83. ^ Sarah Leah Whitson; Middle East director (20 December 2012). "Israel/Gaza: Unlawful Israeli Attacks on Palestinian Media". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 20 July 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  84. ^ Cite error: The named reference HRWHamas was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  85. ^ Cite error: The named reference HRWreport was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Developed by StudentB