30 September Movement

30 September Movement
Part of the Cold War in Asia and Transition to the New Order
Pancasila Sakti Monument Victims found in Lubang Buaya. From left to right: General Ahmad Yani, Brigadier General D. I. Pandjaitan, Major General R. Suprapto, Brigadier General Sutoyo Siswomiharjo, Major General M. T. Haryono, Major General S. Parman, First Lieutenant Pierre Tendean.
Date 1 October 1965; 59 years ago (1965-10-01) Location Indonesia, Java and Jakarta Result Coup attempt failed Outbreak of anti-communist purge in Indonesia Suharto begins to rise to power PKI and "Communism/Marxism-Leninism" simultaneously banned in a 1966 MPRS session
Belligerents
30 September Movement Tjakrabirawa Various Leftist Militias in Lubang Buaya	Government of Indonesia Indonesian Army
Commanders and leaders
Untung Syamsuri  [1] Soepardjo	Sukarno Suharto A.H. Nasution (WIA) Sarwo Edhie Wibowo
Casualties and losses
6 Indonesian Army commanders killed during the coup, along with other military and civilian casualties.

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The Thirtieth of September Movement (Indonesian: Gerakan 30 September, also known as G30S, and by the syllabic abbreviation Gestapu for Gerakan September Tiga Puluh, Thirtieth of September Movement, also unofficially called Gestok, for Gerakan Satu Oktober, or First of October Movement) was a self-proclaimed organization of Indonesian National Armed Forces members. In the early hours of 1 October 1965, they assassinated six Indonesian Army generals in an abortive coup d'état.^[2] Later that morning, the organization declared that it was in control of media and communication outlets and had taken President Sukarno under its protection. By the end of the day, the coup attempt had failed in Jakarta. Meanwhile, in central Java there was an attempt to take control over an army division and several cities. By the time this rebellion was put down, two more senior officers were dead.

In the days and weeks that followed, the army, socio-political, and religious groups blamed the coup attempt on the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). Soon a mass purge was underway, which resulted in the imprisonment and deaths of many actual or suspected Communist Party members and sympathizers. Under the New Order and to this day, the movement is usually referred to as "G30S/PKI" by those wanting to associate it with the PKI, and this term is also sometimes used by the current government.^[3]

Investigations and questioning of Suharto's version of the events were long obstructed in Indonesia. While the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) initially believed that Sukarno orchestrated all of it,^[4] several outside sources found inconsistencies and holes in the army claims, notably Benedict Anderson and Ruth McVey who wrote the Cornell Paper that challenged it.^[5][6]