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5 October 1910 revolution

This article is about the revolution in Portugal. For the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević, which is also commonly referred to as the 5th of October revolution, see Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević.

5 October 1910 Revolution

Contemporary commemorative illustration of the Proclamation of the Portuguese Republic on 5 October 1910.
Date3–5 October 1910
Location
Portugal
Result

Republican victory

  • Abolition of the monarchy and proclamation of the republic.
  • King Manuel II is exiled and flees to England.
Belligerents
 Kingdom of Portugal Republicans
Commanders and leaders
Strength
About 7,000 men
Casualties and losses
37 dead and dozens wounded, with at least 14 more dying in the following days.
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5 October 1910 Revolution was the overthrow of the centuries-old Portuguese monarchy and its replacement by the First Portuguese Republic. It was the result of a coup d'état organized by the Portuguese Republican Party.

By 1910, the Kingdom of Portugal was in deep crisis: national anger over the 1890 British Ultimatum,[1] the royal family's expenses,[2] the assassination of the King and his heir in 1908, changing religious and social views, instability of the two political parties (Progressive and Regenerator), the dictatorship of João Franco,[3] and the regime's apparent inability to adapt to modern times all led to widespread resentment against the Monarchy.[4] The proponents of the republic, particularly the Republican Party, found ways to take advantage of the situation.[5] The Republican Party presented itself as the only one with a programme capable of regaining Portugal's lost status and placing it on the path of progress.[6]

After the reluctance of the military to oppose the nearly two thousand soldiers and sailors that rebelled on 3 and 4 October 1910, the Republic was proclaimed at 9 a.m the next day from the balcony of Lisbon's City Hall.[7] A provisional government led by Teófilo Braga directed the fate of the country until the approval of the Constitution in 1911, which marked the beginning of the First Republic.[8] The national anthem and flag were changed, and some civil and religious liberties established; a wave of harsh anti-clericalism soon followed, corroding relations between the Republic and the Catholic Church.

  1. ^ "Implantação da República". Infopédia. 30 August 2010.
  2. ^ "A Ditadura de João Franco e a autoria moral e política de D. Carlos". avenidadaliberdade.org. 30 August 2010. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012.
  3. ^ "João Franco". Vidas Lusófonas. 30 August 2010. Archived from the original on 15 May 2011.
  4. ^ "1ª Republica – Dossier temático dirigido às Escolas" (PDF). Rede Municipal de Bibliotecas Públicas do concelho de Palmela. 30 August 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 April 2015.
  5. ^ "5 de Outubro de 1910: a trajectória do republicanismo". In-Devir. 30 August 2010. Archived from the original on 22 June 2011.
  6. ^ Quental, Antero de (1982). Prosas sócio-políticas ;publicadas e apresentadas por Joel Serrão (in Portuguese). Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda. p. 248.
  7. ^ "Primeira República – Biografia de João de Canto e Castro". leme.pt. 30 August 2010.
  8. ^ "Constituição de 1911 – Infopédia". infopedia.pt. 9 September 2010.

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