ALDH2

ALDH2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	4KWG, 1CW3, 1NZW, 1NZX, 1NZZ, 1O00, 1O01, 1O02, 1O04, 1O05, 1ZUM, 2ONM, 2ONN, 2ONO, 2ONP, 2VLE, 3INJ, 3INL, 3N80, 3N81, 3N82, 3N83, 3SZ9, 4FQF, 4FR8, 4KWF
Identifiers
Aliases	ALDH2, ALDH-E2, ALDHI, ALDM, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family (mitochondrial), aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member
External IDs	OMIM: 100650; MGI: 99600; HomoloGene: 55480; GeneCards: ALDH2; OMA:ALDH2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	111,817,532 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (mouse)
End	121,731,887 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right lobe of liver; ; lower lobe of lung; ; dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve; ; external globus pallidus; ; parotid gland; ; Region I of hippocampus proper; ; gingival epithelium; ; internal globus pallidus; ; pars reticulata; ; right adrenal cortex;
	Top expressed in
	granulocyte; ; left lobe of liver; ; olfactory epithelium; ; left colon; ; left lung; ; gallbladder; ; right lung; ; right lung lobe; ; left lung lobe; ; tunica adventitia of aorta;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	electron transfer activity; oxidoreductase activity; aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+ activity]; aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity; NAD binding; oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (non-phosphorylating) activity;
Cellular component	extracellular exosome; mitochondrion; mitochondrial matrix;
Biological process	ethanol catabolic process; metabolism; alcohol metabolic process; ethanol oxidation; carbohydrate metabolic process; electron transport chain;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	217
	11669
	ENSG00000111275
	ENSMUSG00000029455
	P05091
	P47738
	NM_001204889; NM_000690
	NM_009656; NM_001308450
	NP_000681; NP_001191818
	NP_001295379; NP_033786
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH2 gene located on chromosome 12.^[5]^[6] ALDH2 belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of enzymes. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the second enzyme of the major oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism. ALDH2 has a low K_m for acetaldehyde, and is localized in mitochondrial matrix. The other liver isozyme, ALDH1, localizes to the cytosol.^[7]

Most White people have both major isozymes, while approximately 50% of East Asians have the cytosolic isozyme but not a functional mitochondrial isozyme. A remarkably higher frequency of acute alcohol intoxication among East Asians than among Whites could be related to this absence of a catalytically active form of ALDH2. The increased exposure to acetaldehyde in individuals with the catalytically inactive form may also confer greater susceptibility to many types of cancer.^[8]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000111275 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029455 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Yoshida A, Ikawa M, Hsu LC, Tani K (1985). "Molecular abnormality and cDNA cloning of human aldehyde dehydrogenases". Alcohol. 2 (1): 103–6. doi:10.1016/0741-8329(85)90024-2. PMID 4015823.
^ Hsu LC, Tani K, Fujiyoshi T, Kurachi K, Yoshida A (Jun 1985). "Cloning of cDNAs for human aldehyde dehydrogenases 1 and 2". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 82 (11): 3771–5. Bibcode:1985PNAS...82.3771H. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.11.3771. PMC 397869. PMID 2987944.
^ "Entrez Gene: ALDH2 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family (mitochondrial)".
^ Seitz HK, Meier P (2007). "The role of acetaldehyde in upper digestive tract cancer in alcoholics". Transl Res. 149 (6): 293–7. doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2006.12.002. PMID 17543846.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000111275 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029455 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid4015823-5] Yoshida A, Ikawa M, Hsu LC, Tani K (1985). "Molecular abnormality and cDNA cloning of human aldehyde dehydrogenases". Alcohol. 2 (1): 103–6. doi:10.1016/0741-8329(85)90024-2. PMID 4015823.

[pmid2987944-6] Hsu LC, Tani K, Fujiyoshi T, Kurachi K, Yoshida A (Jun 1985). "Cloning of cDNAs for human aldehyde dehydrogenases 1 and 2". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 82 (11): 3771–5. Bibcode:1985PNAS...82.3771H. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.11.3771. PMC 397869. PMID 2987944.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: ALDH2 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family (mitochondrial)".

[8] Seitz HK, Meier P (2007). "The role of acetaldehyde in upper digestive tract cancer in alcoholics". Transl Res. 149 (6): 293–7. doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2006.12.002. PMID 17543846.

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