Al-Hallaj

al-Husayn ibn Mansur al-Hallāj
al-Husayn ibn Mansur al-Hallāj
منصور حلاج
	The execution of Mansur al-Hallaj (manuscript illustration from Mughal Empire, c. 1600)
Personal
Born	c. 858 CE; Fars, Abbasid Caliphate ; (present-day Iran)
Died	26 March 922 (aged 63–64) CE; Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate ; (present-day Iraq)
Religion	Islam
Era	Abbasid
Creed	Sunni
Muslim leader
	Influenced by Dhul-Nun al-Misri, Bayazid Bastami;
	Influenced Hafiz Shirazi, Attar of Nishapur, al-Ghazali, Sanai, Rumi, Balım Sultan, Sachal Sarmast, Imadaddin Nasimi, Shah Hussain, Ahmad Yasawi;

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Mansour al-Hallaj (Arabic: ابو المغيث الحسين بن منصور الحلاج, romanized: Abū 'l-Muġīth al-Ḥusayn ibn Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj) or Mansour Hallaj (Persian: منصور حلاج, romanized: Mansūr-e Hallāj) (c. 858 – 26 March 922) (Hijri c. 244 AH – 309 AH) was a Persian mystic, poet, and teacher of Sufism.^[5]^[6]^[7] He is best known for his saying, "I am the Truth" ("Ana'l-Ḥaqq"), which many saw as a claim to divinity, while others interpreted it as an instance of annihilation of the ego, allowing God to speak through him. Al-Hallaj gained a wide following as a preacher before he became implicated in power struggles of the Abbasid court and was executed after a long period of confinement on religious and political charges. Although most of his Sufi contemporaries disapproved of his actions, Hallaj later became a major figure in the Sufi tradition.^[8]

^ "The Walters Art Museum. The Hanging of Mansur al-Hallaj, from a manuscript of Diwan of Amir Khusrow, a.k.a. Hasan Dihlavi". Archived from the original on December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
^ Gavin D'Costa (2014). Vatican II: Catholic Doctrines on Jews and Muslims. Oxford University Press. p. 186. ISBN 9780199659272. ...focused on the Sunni mystic al-Hallaj...
^ EB (2002). "al-Hallaj, Hazrat Abu Mughith Al-Hussain Bin Mansour (858-922)". In Hanif, N. (ed.). Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. pp. 187–197, at p. 188. ISBN 9788176252669. Al Hallaj, in fact, remained always a Sunni, with a strong leaning towards hard asceticism in observing the Ramadan fasts...^{[better source needed]}
^ Britannica Ready Reference Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. p. 249. ISBN 81-8131-098-5.
^ Irwin, Robert, ed. (2010). The new Cambridge history of Islam, Volume 4 (1. publ. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-521-83824-5. Perhaps the most controversial Su! was the Persian mystic al-Hallaj (d. 309/922).
^ John Arthur Garraty, Peter Gay, The Columbia History of the World, Harper & Row, 1981, page 288, ISBN 0-88029-004-8
^ Mojaddedi 2012
^ Fiegenbaum, J. W. (July 20, 1998). "Al-Ḥallāj: Islamic mystic: Abū al-Mughīth al-Ḥusayn ibn Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj". Encyclopædia Britannica (online ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved December 8, 2020.

[1] "The Walters Art Museum. The Hanging of Mansur al-Hallaj, from a manuscript of Diwan of Amir Khusrow, a.k.a. Hasan Dihlavi". Archived from the original on December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2015.

[religion-2] Gavin D'Costa (2014). Vatican II: Catholic Doctrines on Jews and Muslims. Oxford University Press. p. 186. ISBN 9780199659272. ...focused on the Sunni mystic al-Hallaj...

[sunni-3] EB (2002). "al-Hallaj, Hazrat Abu Mughith Al-Hussain Bin Mansour (858-922)". In Hanif, N. (ed.). Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. pp. 187–197, at p. 188. ISBN 9788176252669. Al Hallaj, in fact, remained always a Sunni, with a strong leaning towards hard asceticism in observing the Ramadan fasts...^{[better source needed]}

[4] Britannica Ready Reference Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. p. 249. ISBN 81-8131-098-5.

[5] Irwin, Robert, ed. (2010). The new Cambridge history of Islam, Volume 4 (1. publ. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-521-83824-5. Perhaps the most controversial Su! was the Persian mystic al-Hallaj (d. 309/922).

[6] John Arthur Garraty, Peter Gay, The Columbia History of the World, Harper & Row, 1981, page 288, ISBN 0-88029-004-8

[Iranica-7] Mojaddedi 2012

[:0-8] Fiegenbaum, J. W. (July 20, 1998). "Al-Ḥallāj: Islamic mystic: Abū al-Mughīth al-Ḥusayn ibn Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj". Encyclopædia Britannica (online ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved December 8, 2020.

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