Back ألكسندر دوغين Arabic الكسندر دوجين ARZ Aleksandr Duguin AST Aleksandr Duqin Azerbaijani الکساندر گئلیویچ دوگین AZB Аляксандр Гельевіч Дугін Byelorussian Аляксандар Дугін BE-X-OLD Александър Дугин Bulgarian আলেকসান্দ্র দুগিন Bengali/Bangla Aleksandr Duguin Catalan
Aleksandr Dugin Александр Дугин | |
|---|---|
 Dugin in 2023 | |
| Born | Aleksandr Gelyevich Dugin 7 January 1962 |
| Education | PhD in Philosophy at Rostov State University (Rostov-on-Don, 2000) |
| Alma mater |
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| Spouses |
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| Children | 2, including Darya |
| Era | Contemporary philosophy |
| Region | Russian philosophy |
| School | Neo-Eurasianism |
| Institutions |
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Main interests | Geopolitics, political philosophy, conservative revolution, sociology |
Notable ideas | |
Aleksandr[a] Gelyevich Dugin (Russian: Александр Гельевич Дугин; born 7 January 1962) is a Russian far-right political philosopher.[3]
Born into a military intelligence family, Dugin was an anti-communist dissident during the 1980s.[4] Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Dugin co-founded the National Bolshevik Party with Eduard Limonov, a party which espoused National Bolshevism, which he later left.[5] In 1997, he published Foundations of Geopolitics, in which he outlined his worldview, calling for Russia to rebuild its influence through alliances and conquest, and to challenge the rival Atlanticist empire led by the United States.[6][7][8][9] Dugin continued to further develop his ideology of neo-Eurasianism, founding the Eurasia Party in 2002 and writing further books including The Fourth Political Theory (2009).[6][4] His political views have been characterized as fascist or neo-fascist.[10][11]
Dugin served as an advisor to Gennadiy Seleznyov,[12] and later Sergey Naryshkin,[13] when they served as Chairman of the State Duma. He was the head of the Department of Sociology of International Relations at Moscow State University from 2009 to 2014, losing the position due to backlash over comments regarding the 2014 Odesa clashes.[14][15] Dugin also briefly served as chief editor of the pro-Kremlin Christian Orthodox channel Tsargrad TV when it launched in 2015.[16] In 2019, Dugin was appointed as a senior fellow at Fudan University in China. Nowadays, he is director of the 2023 establishment Educational and scientific center—Ivan Ilyin Higher School of Politics at the Russian State University for the Humanities.[17]
His influence on the Russian government and on president Vladimir Putin is disputed.[6] Although he has no official ties to the Kremlin,[16] he is often referred to in foreign media as "Putin's brain";[18] others say that his influence is exaggerated.[9][19][20][21] Dugin is known for controversial positions, such as his claim that fascist ideology is an inherent part of Western liberalism rather than Eurasianism. In line with this stance, Dugin portrays the Russian invasion of Ukraine as part of a holy war against "absolute Evil, embodied in Western civilisation, its liberal-totalitarian hegemony and in Ukrainian Nazism".[b]
Dugin's daughter, Darya, was assassinated in car bombing in 2022.[22] The assassination is widely believed to have been conducted by Ukraine,[23][24] though the exact relation of the assassins to the Ukrainian government is undetermined.
- ^
Lukic, Rénéo; Brint, Michael, eds. (2001). Culture, politics, and nationalism in the age of globalization. Ashgate. p. 103. ISBN 9780754614364. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
Dugin defines 'thalassocracy' as 'power exercised thanks to the sea,' opposed to 'tellurocracy' or 'power exercised thanks to the land' ... The 'thalassocracy' here is the United States and its allies; the 'tellurocracy' is Eurasia.
- ^ Борис Исаев (2005). Геополитика: Учебное пособие (in Russian). Издательский дом "Питер". p. 329. ISBN 978-5469006510.
- ^ Burton, Tara Isabella (12 May 2022). "The far-right mystical writer who helped shape Putin's view of Russia – Alexander Dugin sees the Ukraine war as part of a wider, spiritual battle between traditional order and progressive chaos". The Washington Post. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
- ^ a b Tolstoy, Andrey; McCaffray, Edmund (2015). "MIND GAMES: Alexander Dugin and Russia's War of Ideas". World Affairs. 177 (6): 25–30. ISSN 0043-8200.
- ^ "Russia: National Bolsheviks, The Party Of 'Direct Action'". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 29 April 2005.
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
guardian-biowas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Shekhovtsov, Anton (2018). Russia and the Western Far Right: Tango Noir, Abingdon, Routledge, p. 43.
- ^ "A Russian empire 'from Dublin to Vladivostok'? The roots of Putin's ultranationalism". Los Angeles Times. 28 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
bloombergwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Multiple sources:
- In a 1999 interview for the Polish magazine Fronda, Dugin explains: "In Russian Orthodox christianity a person is a part of the Church, part of the collective organism, just like a leg. So how can a person be responsible for himself? Can a leg be responsible for itself? Here is where the idea of state, total state originates from. Also because of this, Russians, since they are Orthodox, can be the true fascists, unlike artificial Italian fascists: of Gentile type or their Hegelians. The true Hegelianism is Ivan Peresvetov – the man who in 16th century invented the oprichnina for Ivan the Terrible. He was the true creator of Russian fascism. He created the idea that state is everything and an individual is nothing." "Czekam na Iwana Groźnego" [I'm waiting for Ivan the Terrible]. 11/12 (in Polish). Fronda. 1999. p. 133. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
- Shekhovtsov, Anton (2008). "The Palingenetic Thrust of Russian Neo-Eurasianism: Ideas of Rebirth in Aleksandr Dugin's Worldview". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 9 (4): 491–506. doi:10.1080/14690760802436142. S2CID 144301027. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
Numerous studies reveal Dugin – with different degrees of academic cogency – as a champion of fascist and ultranationalist ideas, a geopolitician, an 'integral Traditionalist', or a specialist in the history of religions. . . . This paper is not aimed at offering an entirely new conception of Dugin and his political views, though it will, hopefully, contribute to a scholarly vision of this political figure as a carrying agent of fascist Weltanschauung.
- Shekhovtsov, Anton (2009). "Aleksandr Dugin's Neo-Eurasianism: The New Right à la Russe". Religion Compass: Political Religions. 3 (4): 697–716. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2009.00158.x. Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
- Ingram, Alan (November 2001). "Alexander Dugin: geopolitics and neo-fascism in post-Soviet Russia". Political Geography. 20 (8): 1029–1051. doi:10.1016/S0962-6298(01)00043-9.
- "The Most Dangerous Philosopher in the World". Big Think. 18 December 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
- Rascoe, Ayesha (27 March 2022). "Russian intellectual Aleksandr Dugin is also commonly known as 'Putin's brain'". NPR News. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
Dugin is a good old-fashioned mystical fascist of the sort that kind of flourished after World War I, when many people in Europe felt lost, felt like the Old World had failed, and were searching around for explanations. And a certain set of them decided the problem was all of modern thinking, the idea of freedom, the idea of individual rights. And in Dugin's case, he felt that the Russian Orthodox Church was destined to rule as an empire over all of Europe and Asia. And eventually, in a big book in 1997, he laid out the road map for accomplishing that. He's continued to be intimately involved in the Russian military, Russian intelligence services and Putin's inner circle.
- Dunlop, John B. (31 January 2004). "Aleksandr Dugin's Foundations of Geopolitics". The Europe Center, Stanford University. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
By summer 2001, Aleksandr Dugin, a neo-fascist ideologue, had managed to approach the center of power in Moscow, having formed close ties with elements in the presidential administration, the secret services, the Russian military, and the leadership of the state Duma.
- Umland, Andreas (July 2010). "Aleksandr Dugin's transformation from a lunatic fringe figure into a mainstream political publicist, 1980–1998: A case study in the rise of late and post-Soviet Russian fascism". Journal of Eurasian Studies. Disciplinary and Regional Trends in Russian and Eurasian Studies: Retrospective Glances and New Steps. 1 (2): 144–152. doi:10.1016/j.euras.2010.04.008. S2CID 154863277.
- ^ Burton, Tara Isabella (12 May 2022). "The far-right mystical writer who helped shape Putin's view of Russia". The Washington Post. Washington D.C. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
In the early 1990s, he co-founded the National Bolshevik Party with controversial punk-pornography novelist Eduard Limonov, blending fascist and communist-nostalgic rhetoric and imagery; edgy, ironic (and not-so-ironic) transgression; and genuine reactionary politics. The party's flag was a black hammer and sickle in a white circle against a red background, a communist mirror image of a swastika. The party's half-sincere mantra? 'Da smert' (Yes, death), delivered with a sieg-heil-style raised arm.
- ^ Eurasian Mission: An Introduction to Neo-Eurasianism, Arktos (2014) p.26
- ^ Shaun Walker (23 March 2014). "Ukraine and Crimea: what is Putin thinking?". The Guardian.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
BBC 2014was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Benjamin R. Teitelbaum (2020). War for Eternity: The Return of Traditionalism and the Rise of the Populist Right. Allen Lane. pp. 155–156.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
reuters-biowas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Учебно-научный центр «Высшая политическая школа имени Ивана Ильина»" [Educational and scientific center—Ivan Ilyin Higher School of Politics]. Russian State University for the Humanities. Archived from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
- ^ Multiple sources:
- Barbashin, Anton; Thoburn, Hannah (31 March 2014). "Putin's Brain: Alexander Dugin and the Philosophy Behind Putin's Invasion of Crimea". Foreign Affairs.
- Rutland, Peter (December 2016). "Geopolitics and the Roots of Putin's Foreign Policy". Russian History. 43 (3–4): 425–436. doi:10.1163/18763316-04304009. JSTOR 26549593.
Dugin ... has attracted a great deal of publicity since the annexation of Crimea, with analysts even describing him as 'Putin's brain.'
- "Russian intellectual Aleksandr Dugin is also commonly known as 'Putin's brain'". NPR. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
- Heintz, Jim (21 August 2022). "Car blast kills daughter of Russian known as 'Putin's brain'". Associated Press.
- "Who Is 'Putin's Brain' Whose Daughter Was Just Killed In A Car Bomb In Russia?". Outlook. 23 August 2022.
- Rahman, Khalida (21 August 2022). "Who is Alexander Dugin? 'Putin's Brain' in Distress After Daughter Killed". Newsweek.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
:2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
:3was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Barnes, Julian E.; Goldman, Adam; Entous, Adam; Schwirtz, Michael (5 October 2022). "U.S. Believes Ukrainians Were Behind an Assassination in Russia". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
- ^ Lillis, Natasha Bertrand,Katie Bo (5 October 2022). "US believes elements within Ukraine's government authorized assassination near Moscow, sources say | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Russia blames Ukraine for murder of Putin ally's daughter". POLITICO. 22 August 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
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