Back ألوبيورينول Arabic آلوپورینول AZB Al·lopurinol Catalan Alopurinol Czech Alopwrinol Welsh Allopurinol German Αλλοπουρινόλη Greek Alopurinol Spanish آلوپورینول Persian Allopurinoli Finnish

Allopurinol

Not to be confused with haloperidol.

Allopurinol
Clinical data
Trade namesZyloprim, Caplenal, Zyloric, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682673
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		Oral, intravenous
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability78±20%
Protein bindingNegligible
MetabolismLiver (80% oxipurinol, 10% allopurinol ribosides)
Elimination half-life2 h (oxipurinol 18–30 h)
Identifiers
  • 1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.005.684 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC5H4N4O
Molar mass136.114 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC=N2
  • InChI=1S/C5H4N4O/c10-5-3-1-8-9-4(3)6-2-7-5/h1-2H,(H2,6,7,8,9,10) checkY
  • Key:OFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Allopurinol is a medication used to decrease high blood uric acid levels.[5] It is specifically used to prevent gout, prevent specific types of kidney stones and for the high uric acid levels that can occur with chemotherapy.[6][7] It is taken orally (by mouth) or intravenously (injected into a vein).[7]

Common side effects when used orally include itchiness and rash.[7] Common side effects when used by injection include vomiting and kidney problems.[7] While not recommended historically, starting allopurinol during an attack of gout appears to be safe.[8][9] In those already on the medication, it should be continued even during an acute gout attack.[8][6] While use during pregnancy does not appear to result in harm, this use has not been well studied.[1] Allopurinol is in the xanthine oxidase inhibitor family of medications.[7]

Allopurinol was approved for medical use in the United States in 1966.[7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10] Allopurinol is available as a generic medication.[7] In 2022, it was the 39th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 15 million prescriptions.[11][12]

  1. ^ a b "Allopurinol Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  2. ^ "Prescription medicines: registration of new generic medicines and biosimilar medicines, 2017". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 June 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
  3. ^ "Allopurinol tablet". DailyMed. 13 December 2023. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Labelinject was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Pacher P, Nivorozhkin A, Szabó C (March 2006). "Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol". Pharmacological Reviews. 58 (1): 87–114. doi:10.1124/pr.58.1.6. PMC 2233605. PMID 16507884.
  6. ^ a b World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 39. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g "Allopurinol". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  8. ^ a b Robinson PC, Stamp LK (May 2016). "The management of gout: Much has changed". Australian Family Physician. 45 (5): 299–302. PMID 27166465.
  9. ^ Satpanich P, Pongsittisak W, Manavathongchai S (January 2022). "Early versus Late Allopurinol Initiation in Acute Gout Flare (ELAG): a randomized controlled trial". Clinical Rheumatology. 41 (1): 213–221. doi:10.1007/s10067-021-05872-8. PMID 34406530. S2CID 237156638.
  10. ^ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
  11. ^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  12. ^ "Allopurinol Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

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