Back هجرة المرتفعات Arabic Migració altitudinal Catalan Výšková migrace Czech Migración altitudinal Spanish کوچ ارتفاعی Persian Migrazione altitudinale Italian Migração altitudinal Portuguese

Altitudinal migration

Bighorn sheep migrate between high mountains, where they are safer from predators, and valleys where there is more food in winter.

Altitudinal migration is a short-distance animal migration from lower altitudes to higher altitudes and back.[1][2] Altitudinal migrants change their elevation with the seasons making this form of animal migration seasonal.[3][4] Altitudinal migration can be most commonly observed in species inhabiting temperate or tropical ecosystems.[3] This behavior is commonly seen among avian species but can also be observed within other vertebrates and some invertebrates.[5][6][7] It is commonly thought to happen in response to climate and food availability changes as well as increasingly due to anthropogenic influence.[5][8] These migrations can occur both during reproductive and non-reproductive seasons.[9]

The patterns of altitudinal migration may be affected by climate change resulting in potentially life-threatening situations for some species.[10] Deforestation can affect the migration corridors of altitudinal migrant and could lead to smaller areas for these species to migrate.[11] Changes in the environment of altitudinally migrating species can also affect seed dispersal.[12]

  1. ^ Boyle, W. Alice; Conway, Courtney J.; Bronstein, Judith L. (13 July 2013). "Why do some, but not all, tropical birds migrate? A comparative study of diet breadth and fruit preference". Evolutionary Ecology. 25: 219–236. doi:10.1007/s10682-010-9403-4. S2CID 7516649.
  2. ^ Boyle, W. Alice; Norris, Ryan D.; Guglielmo, Christopher G. (2010). "Storms drive altitudinal migration in a tropical bird". Proc. R. Soc. B. 277 (1693): 2511–2519. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0344. PMC 2894928. PMID 20375047.
  3. ^ a b Hsiung, An C.; Boyle, W. Alice; Cooper, Robert J.; Chandler, Richard B. (2018). "Altitudinal migration: ecological drivers, knowledge gaps, and conservation implications". Biological Reviews. 93 (4): 2049–2070. doi:10.1111/brv.12435. ISSN 1469-185X. PMID 29877015. S2CID 46975727.
  4. ^ Boyle, W. Alice (March 2017). "Altitudinal bird migration in North America". The Auk. 134 (2): 443–465. doi:10.1642/AUK-16-228.1. hdl:2097/38310. ISSN 0004-8038. S2CID 73720706.
  5. ^ a b Hobson, Keith A.; Wassenaar, Len I.; Milá, Borja; Lovette, Irby; Dingle, Caroline; Smith, Thomas B. (20 May 2003). "Stable isotopes as indicators of altitudinal distributions and movements in an Ecuadorean hummingbird community". Community Ecology. 136 (2): 302–308. Bibcode:2003Oecol.136..302H. doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1271-y. PMID 12756525. S2CID 12937433.
  6. ^ McGuire, Liam P.; Boyle, W. Alice (11 March 2013). "Altitudinal migration in bats: evidence, patterns, and drivers". Biological Reviews. 88 (4): 767–786. doi:10.1111/brv.12024. hdl:2097/17273. PMID 23480862. S2CID 11783243.
  7. ^ Kimura, Masahito T. (March 2021). "Altitudinal migration of insects". Entomological Science. 24 (1): 35–47. doi:10.1111/ens.12444. ISSN 1343-8786. S2CID 228974217.
  8. ^ Fothergill, Alastair (2006). Planet Earth: The Future-Saving Species. BBC Natural History Unit.
  9. ^ Park, Chris (2007). A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation. University of Florida: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780198609957.001.0001. ISBN 9780198609957.
  10. ^ Inouye, David W.; Barr, Billy; Armitage, Kenneth B.; Inouye, Brian D. (15 February 2000). "Climate change is affecting altitudinal migrants and hibernating species". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 97 (4): 1630–1633. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.1630I. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.4.1630. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 26486. PMID 10677510.
  11. ^ Ocampo-Peñuela, Natalia; Pimm, Stuart L. (7 December 2015). "Elevational Ranges of Montane Birds and Deforestation in the Western Andes of Colombia". PLOS ONE. 10 (12): e0143311. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1043311O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143311. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4671720. PMID 26641477.
  12. ^ Loiselle, Bette A.; Blake, John G. (1992). "Population Variation in a Tropical Bird Community". BioScience. 42 (11): 838–845. doi:10.2307/1312083. ISSN 0006-3568. JSTOR 1312083.

Developed by StudentB