Amana Colonies

	Amana Colonies
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	U.S. National Historic Landmark District
Nearest city	Middle Amana, Iowa
Built	1855
NRHP reference No.	66000336
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	October 15, 1966
Designated NHLD	June 23, 1965

The Amana Colonies are seven villages on 26,000 acres (110 km²) located in Iowa County in east-central Iowa, United States: Amana (or Main Amana, German: Haupt-Amana), East Amana, High Amana, Middle Amana, South Amana, West Amana, and Homestead. The villages were built and settled by German Radical Pietists, who were persecuted in their homeland by the German state government and the Lutheran Church. Calling themselves the True Inspiration Congregations (German: Wahre Inspirations-Gemeinden),^[3] they first settled in New York near Buffalo in what is now the town of West Seneca. However, seeking more isolated surroundings, they moved to Iowa (near present-day Iowa City) in 1856. They lived a communal life until 1932.

For eighty years, the Amana Colony maintained an almost completely self-sufficient local economy, importing very little from the industrializing American economy. The Amanians were able to achieve this independence and lifestyle by adhering to the specialized crafting and farming occupations that they had brought with them from Europe. Craftsmen passed their skills and techniques on from one generation to the next. They used hand, horse, wind, and water power, and made their own furniture, clothes, and other goods. The community voted to form a for-profit organization during the Great Depression, the Amana Society (Amana-Gesellschaft), which included the Amana Corporation.

Today, the Seven Villages of Amana are a tourist attraction known for their restaurants and craft shops. The colony was listed as a National Historic Landmark in 1965.

As of the 2010 Census, the population of the seven villages in order of population was as follows:

Middle Amana (581)^[4]
Amana (Main Amana) (442)^[5]
South Amana (159)^[6]
Homestead (148)^[7]
West Amana (135)^[8]
High Amana (115)^[9]
East Amana (56)^[10]

The Community of True Inspiration (Amana Church) continues to worship in the Middle Amana meeting house, though "Special services, Sunday school, and fellowship activities are held in the larger Main Amana meeting house."^[11]

^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
^ "Amana Colony". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved October 3, 2007.
^ Nordhoff, Charles (1875). "The communistic societies of the United States : from personal visit and observations; including detailed accounts of the Economists, Zoarites, Shakers, the Amana, Oneida, Bethel, Aurora, Icarian, and other existing societies, their religious creeds, social practics, numbers, industries, and present condition". New York: Harper. pp. 25–62. OCLC 697679105, 820708866.
Reprinted: Nordhoff, Charles (2011). The Communistic Societies of the United States From Personal Visit and Observation. Hamburg: tredition. ISBN 9783842432888. OCLC 916125595.
^ https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1951600^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1901720^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1973965^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1936975^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1983505^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1936030^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "2010 Census: Interactive Population Map - U.S. Census Bureau". Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
^ "Amana Church Worship Services". Amana Church. May 29, 2018. Retrieved May 21, 2024.

[nris-1] "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.

[nhlsum-2] "Amana Colony". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved October 3, 2007.

[Nordhoff_1875-3] Nordhoff, Charles (1875). "The communistic societies of the United States : from personal visit and observations; including detailed accounts of the Economists, Zoarites, Shakers, the Amana, Oneida, Bethel, Aurora, Icarian, and other existing societies, their religious creeds, social practics, numbers, industries, and present condition". New York: Harper. pp. 25–62. OCLC 697679105, 820708866.
Reprinted: Nordhoff, Charles (2011). The Communistic Societies of the United States From Personal Visit and Observation. Hamburg: tredition. ISBN 9783842432888. OCLC 916125595.

[4] ttps://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1951600^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[5] ttps://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1901720^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[6] ttps://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1973965^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[7] ttps://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1936975^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[8] ttps://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1983505^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[9] ttps://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1936030^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[10] "2010 Census: Interactive Population Map - U.S. Census Bureau". Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved December 11, 2017.

[11] "Amana Church Worship Services". Amana Church. May 29, 2018. Retrieved May 21, 2024.

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