20th-century tradition of Western philosophy
Analytic philosophy is an analysis focused , broad, contemporary movement or tradition within Western philosophy , especially anglophone philosophy.[ a] [ b] Analytic philosophy is characterized by a clarity of prose ; rigor in arguments; and making use of formal logic and mathematics, and, to a lesser degree, the natural sciences .[ 3] [ 4] [ c] [ d] [ e] It is further characterized by an interest in language and meaning known as the linguistic turn .[ 8] [ f] [ g] [ h] It has developed several new branches of philosophy and logic, notably philosophy of language , philosophy of mathematics , philosophy of science , modern predicate logic and mathematical logic .[ 12]
The proliferation of analysis in philosophy began around the turn of the 20th century and has been dominant since the latter half of the 20th century.[ 13] [ 14] [ 15] [ i] Central figures in its historical development are Gottlob Frege , Bertrand Russell , G. E. Moore , and Ludwig Wittgenstein . Other important figures in its history include Franz Brentano , the logical positivists (particularly Rudolf Carnap ), the ordinary language philosophers , W. V. O. Quine , and Karl Popper . After the decline of logical positivism, Saul Kripke , David Lewis , and others led a revival in metaphysics .
Analytic philosophy is often contrasted with continental philosophy ,[ j] which was coined as a catch-all term for other methods that were prominent in continental Europe ,[ k] most notably existentialism , phenomenology , and Hegelianism .[ l] [ m] [ n] There is widespread influence and debate between the analytic and continental traditions; some philosophers see the differences between the two traditions as being based on institutions, relationships, and ideology, rather than anything of significant philosophical substance.[ 22] [ 23] The distinction has also been drawn between "analytic" being academic or technical philosophy and "continental" being literary philosophy.[ o] [ p]
^ Martinich, A. P. ; Sosa, David , eds. (2001). A Companion to Analytic Philosophy . Blackwell Companions to Philosophy. Blackwell Publishers Ltd. doi :10.1002/9780470998656 . ISBN 978-0-631-21415-1 .
^ John Searle (2003), Contemporary Philosophy in the United States in N. Bunnin and E. P. Tsui-James (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy , 2nd ed., (Blackwell, 2003), p. 1.
^ Glock, H.J. (2004). "Was Wittgenstein an Analytic Philosopher?". Metaphilosophy . 35 (4): 419–444. doi :10.1111/j.1467-9973.2004.00329.x .
^ Mautner, Thomas (editor) (2005) The Penguin Dictionary of Philosophy , entry for "Analytic philosophy", pp. 22–23
^ a b c Brian Leiter (2006) webpage "Analytic" and "Continental" Philosophy
^ Colin McGinn, The Making of a Philosopher: My Journey through Twentieth-Century Philosophy (HarperCollins, 2002), p. xi.
^ Soames, Scott (2003). The dawn of analysis (2nd print., 1st papers. print ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press. pp. xiii–xvii. ISBN 978-0-691-11573-3 .
^ Dummett 1993 , p. 4, 22
^ See, e.g., Avrum Stroll, Twentieth-Century Analytic Philosophy (Columbia University Press, 2000), p. 5
^ see Stroll (2000), p. 7
^ See Hans-Johann Glock , What Is Analytic Philosophy? (Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 205
^ Koopman, Colin. "Bernard Williams on Philosophy's Need for History" (PDF) . pages.uoregon.edu . Retrieved 1 March 2022 .
^ Vienne, J.M. (1997). Philosophie analytique et histoire de la philosophie: actes du colloque (Université de Nantes, 1991) . Problèmes et controverses (in French). J. Vrin. p. 140. ISBN 978-2-7116-1312-0 . Retrieved 28 August 2023 .
^ Luft, S. (2019). Philosophie lehren: Ein Buch zur philosophischen Hochschuldidaktik (in German). Felix Meiner Verlag. p. 258. ISBN 978-3-7873-3766-8 . Retrieved 28 August 2023 .
^ Glock, H.J. (2008). What is Analytic Philosophy? . Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-521-87267-6 . Retrieved 28 August 2023 .
^ a b c "Analytic Philosophy Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy" . Iep.utm.edu. Archived from the original on 3 July 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2018 .
^ H.-J. Glock, What Is Analytic Philosophy? (Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 86
^ Critchley, Simon (2001). Continental philosophy a very short introduction . Oxford University Press. OCLC 1200924441 .
^ A.C. Grayling (ed.), Philosophy 2: Further through the Subject (Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 2
^ L.J. Cohen, The Dialogue of Reason: An Analysis of Analytical Philosophy (Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 5:
^ Hales, Steven D. (2002). Analytic philosophy : classic readings . Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. pp. 1–10. ISBN 978-0-534-51277-4 .
^ Rinofner-Kreidl, S.; Wiltsche, H.A. (2016). Analytic and Continental Philosophy: Methods and Perspectives. Proceedings of the 37th International Wittgenstein Symposium . Publications of the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society – New Series. De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-044887-0 . Retrieved 28 August 2023 .
^ Glock, H.J. (2008). What is Analytic Philosophy? . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87267-6 . Retrieved 28 August 2023 .
^ Luchte, James (3 November 2011). Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra: Before Sunrise . Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4411-1845-5 .
^ Glock, H.J. (2008). What is Analytic Philosophy? . Cambridge University Press. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-521-87267-6 . Retrieved 28 August 2023 .
^ Akehurst, Thomas L. (1 March 2009). "Writing history for the ahistorical: Analytic philosophy and its past" . History of European Ideas . 35 (1): 116–121. doi :10.1016/j.histeuroideas.2008.09.002 . ISSN 0191-6599 . S2CID 143566283 .
^ Beaney, Michael (20 June 2013). Beaney, Michael (ed.). "The Historiography of Analytic Philosophy" . The Oxford Handbook of The History of Analytic Philosophy . doi :10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238842.001.0001 . ISBN 978-0-19-923884-2 . Retrieved 18 February 2022 .
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