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Anandamide

Anandamide
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide
Other names
N-arachidonoylethanolamine
arachidonoylethanolamide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
MeSH Anandamide
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C22H37NO2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-22(25)23-20-21-24/h6-7,9-10,12-13,15-16,24H,2-5,8,11,14,17-21H2,1H3,(H,23,25)/b7-6-,10-9-,13-12-,16-15- checkY
    Key: LGEQQWMQCRIYKG-DOFZRALJSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C22H37NO2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-22(25)23-20-21-24/h6-7,9-10,12-13,15-16,24H,2-5,8,11,14,17-21H2,1H3,(H,23,25)/b7-6-,10-9-,13-12-,16-15-
    Key: LGEQQWMQCRIYKG-DOFZRALJBA
  • O=C(NCCO)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC
  • CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCC(=O)NCCO
Properties
C22H37NO2
Molar mass 347.53 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Anandamide (ANA), also referred to as N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) is a fatty acid neurotransmitter belonging to the fatty acid derivative group known as N-Acylethanolamine (NAE). Anandamide takes its name from the Sanskrit word ananda, meaning "joy, bliss, delight," plus amide. Anandamide, the first discovered endocannabinoid, engages with the body's endocannabinoid system by binding to the same cannabinoid receptors that THC found in cannabis acts on. Anandamide can be found within tissues in a wide range of animals.[1][2] It has also been found in plants, such as the cacao tree.[3]

Anandamide is derived from the non-oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid, an essential omega-6 fatty acid. It is synthesized from N-arachidonoyl phosphatidylethanolamine by multiple pathways.[4] It is degraded primarily by the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme, which converts anandamide into ethanolamine and arachidonic acid. As such, inhibitors of FAAH lead to elevated anandamide levels and are being pursued for possible therapeutic use.[5][6]

  1. ^ Devane WA, Hanus L, Breuer A, Pertwee RG, Stevenson LA, Griffin G, et al. (December 1992). "Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor". Science. 258 (5090): 1946–1949. Bibcode:1992Sci...258.1946D. doi:10.1126/science.1470919. PMID 1470919.
  2. ^ Martin BR, Mechoulam R, Razdan RK (July 1999). "Discovery and characterization of endogenous cannabinoids". Life Sciences. 65 (6–7): 573–595. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00281-7. PMID 10462059.
  3. ^ di Tomaso E, Beltramo M, Piomelli D (August 1996). "Brain cannabinoids in chocolate". Nature. 382 (6593): 677–678. Bibcode:1996Natur.382..677D. doi:10.1038/382677a0. PMID 8751435.
  4. ^ Wang J, Ueda N (September 2009). "Biology of endocannabinoid synthesis system". secondary. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators. 89 (3–4): 112–119. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2008.12.002. PMID 19126434.
  5. ^ Gaetani S, Dipasquale P, Romano A, Righetti L, Cassano T, Piomelli D, et al. (2009). The Endocannabinoid System as a Target for Novel Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Drugs. International Review of Neurobiology. Vol. 85. pp. 57–72. doi:10.1016/S0074-7742(09)85005-8. ISBN 978-0-12-374893-5. PMID 19607961.
  6. ^ Fazio D, Criscuolo E, Piccoli A, Barboni B, Fezza F, Maccarrone M (July 2020). "Advances in the discovery of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors: what does the future hold?". Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery. 15 (7): 765–778. doi:10.1080/17460441.2020.1751118. PMID 32292082.

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