Anti-Chinese violence in California includes a number of massacres, riots, expulsions and other violent actions that were directed at Chinese American communities in the 19th century. The attacks on Chinese were often sparked by labor disputes. In the 1880s alone, Chinese communities were attacked in 34 towns in California, often resulting in the local Chinatown being looted and burned.[1][2]
- ^ Kennedy, Robert C. (2001). ""Justice For The Chinese"". archive.nytimes.com. Harper's Weekly. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- ^ "A History of Chinese Americans in California". nps.gov. National Park Service. Retrieved January 31, 2019.