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Anti-austerity movement in Spain

15-M Movement
Anti-austerity movement in Spain
Part of the 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis, the European debt crisis and the impact of the Arab Spring
The Puerta del Sol square in Madrid, shown here on 20 May 2011, became a focal point and a symbol during the protests.
Date15 May 2011 (2011-05-15) – 2015
Location
Spain
Caused byUnemployment, economic conditions, welfare cuts, political corruption, particracy, unrepresentative bipartidism, democratic deficit
GoalsDirect democracy, reduced influence of economic powers in politics
MethodsDemonstrations, civil disobedience, civil resistance, rioting, sit-ins, online activism, protest camps occupations
Number
6–8.5 million participants throughout Spain[1]
Injuries and arrests
Injuries1,527+ injuries
Anti-austerity protests in the
European Union
By member state
Principal protest parties

The anti-austerity movement in Spain, also referred to as the 15-M Movement (Spanish: Movimiento 15-M),[2] and the Indignados Movement,[3] was a series of protests, demonstrations, and occupations against austerity policies in Spain that began around the local and regional elections of 2011 and 2012.[4][3] Beginning on 15 May 2011, many of the subsequent demonstrations spread through various social networks such as Real Democracy NOW (Spanish: Democracia Real YA) and Youth Without a Future (Spanish: Juventud Sin Futuro).[5]

Spanish media related the movement to the 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis, the Arab Spring, as well as demonstrations in North Africa,[6] Iran,[7] Greece,[8] Portugal,[9] and Iceland.[10] The movement was also compared to Stéphane Hessel's political manifesto Time for Outrage!,[11] which was seen to empower Spanish youth who were not in education, employment, or training (NEET). Protestors rallied against high unemployment rates, welfare cuts, politicians, and the two-party system in Spain, as well as the political system, capitalism, banks, and public corruption.[12] Many called for basic rights, of home, work, culture, health, and education.[13] The movement transferred to Europe the model of the protest camp which had been formed in the Arab Spring, adapting it to a more countercultural framework.[14] This would later expand until influencing the creation of Occupy Wall Street.[15]

According to RTVE, the Spanish public broadcasting company, between 6.5 and 8 million Spaniards participated in these events.[16]

  1. ^ "Más de seis millones de españoles han participado en el Movimiento 15M" (in Spanish), Rtve.es
  2. ^ "Tahrir Square in Madrid: Spain's Lost Generation Finds Its Voice". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  3. ^ a b Rainsford, Sarah (14 October 2011). "Spain's 'Indignants' lead international protest day". BBC. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Alcaide, Soledad (17 May 2011). "Movimiento 15-M: los ciudadanos exigen reconstruir la política (15-M Movement: citizens demand political reconstruction)". El País. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
  6. ^ "Spanish youth rally in Madrid echoes Egypt protests". BBC. 18 May 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
  7. ^ Congleton, Roger D.; Grofman, Bernard N.; Voigt, Stefan (14 December 2018). The Oxford Handbook of Public Choice, Volume 2. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-046978-8.
  8. ^ "Στα χνάρια των Ισπανών αγανακτισμένων (On the footsteps of the Spanish 'indignados')" (in Greek). skai.gr. 26 May 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  9. ^ ""Geração à rasca" é referência para Espanha – JN" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
  10. ^ "Los sábados de Islandia llegaron al 15-M (Icelandic saturdays appear on 15-M)". El País. 17 May 2011. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
  11. ^ "Indignados en la calle". El País. 17 May 2011. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
  12. ^ EFE. "Miles de personas exigen dejar de ser 'mercancías de políticos y banqueros'". El Mundo. Archived from the original on 4 July 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  13. ^ "La manifestación de 'indignados' reúne a varios miles de personas en toda España (Outraged demonstration brings together several thousand people in Spain)". El País. 15 May 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Castañeda, Ernesto (2012). "The Indignados of Spain: A Precedent to Occupy Wall Street". Social Movement Studies. 11 (3–4): 309–319. doi:10.1080/14742837.2012.708830. S2CID 143081582.
  16. ^ "Ipsos Public Affairs' statistic about Spanish protests". RTVE. Retrieved 5 August 2011.

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