Anti-environmentalism

Anti-environmentalism is a set of ideas and actions that oppose environmentalism as a whole or specific environmental policies or environmental initiatives. It also includes, " grassroots mobilization by workers in extractive industries like forestry or oil who fear for the livelihood impacts of environmental policy and who act in defense of their community and family economic wellbeing"(Dunk, 1994; Lewin, 2019; Tindall et al., 2021).^[1]

Criticism of environmentalism can come both from outside the movement and from within, as it represents a variety of ideas and political positions. Outside oppositions can take the form of an organized countermovement, aimed at both environmentalist ideas and environmental policies and regulations, national or international. Opponents may include workers in industries threatened by environmental policies, companies that support them, and anti-environmentalist think tanks. The reasons for opposition are not homogeneous: they range from economic interests to ideological and political positions hostile to pro-environmental social and political change, to critical perspectives encouraging environmentalists to think about and adopt more inclusive approaches toward sustainability.

^ Stoddart, Mark C. J.; Tindall, David; Dunlap, Riley E. (2022-03-25), "The contours of anti-environmentalism: an introduction to the Handbook of Anti-Environmentalism", Handbook of Anti-Environmentalism, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 2–21, ISBN 978-1-83910-022-2, retrieved 2024-10-01

[1] Stoddart, Mark C. J.; Tindall, David; Dunlap, Riley E. (2022-03-25), "The contours of anti-environmentalism: an introduction to the Handbook of Anti-Environmentalism", Handbook of Anti-Environmentalism, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 2–21, ISBN 978-1-83910-022-2, retrieved 2024-10-01

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