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| Atheroma | |
|---|---|
| Other names | atheromata (plural), atheromas (plural), atheromatous plaque, plaque |
 | |
| Atherosclerotic plaque from a carotid endarterectomy specimen. This shows the division of the common into the internal and external carotid arteries. | |
| Specialty | Cardiology  |
| Complications | Thrombosis, embolism, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis |
| Causes | Hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia |
An atheroma, or atheromatous plaque, is an abnormal accumulation of material in the inner layer of an arterial wall.[1][2]
The material consists of mostly macrophage cells,[3][4] or debris, containing lipids, calcium and a variable amount of fibrous connective tissue. The accumulated material forms a swelling in the artery wall, which may intrude into the lumen of the artery, narrowing it and restricting blood flow. Atheroma is the pathological basis for the disease entity atherosclerosis, a subtype of arteriosclerosis.[5]
- ^ Lusis, Aldons J. (September 2000). "Atherosclerosis". Nature. 407 (6801): 233–241. doi:10.1038/35025203. PMC 2826222. PMID 11001066.
- ^ Francis, Andrew A; Pierce, Grant N (2011). "An integrated approach for the mechanisms responsible for atherosclerotic plaque regression". Experimental & Clinical Cardiology. 16 (3): 77–86. ISSN 1205-6626. PMC 3209544. PMID 22065938.
- ^ Hotamisligil, Gökhan S (April 2010). "Endoplasmic reticulum stress and atherosclerosis". Nature Medicine. 16 (4): 396–399. doi:10.1038/nm0410-396. PMC 2897068. PMID 20376052.
- ^ Oh, Jisu; Riek, Amy E.; Weng, Sherry; Petty, Marvin; Kim, David; Colonna, Marco; Cella, Marina; Bernal-Mizrachi, Carlos (6 April 2012). "Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Controls M2 Macrophage Differentiation and Foam Cell Formation". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 287 (15): 11629–11641. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.338673. PMC 3320912. PMID 22356914.
- ^ dos Santos, Vanessa Prado; Pozzan, Geanete; Castelli, Valter; Caffaro, Roberto Augusto (2021). "Arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis: what is the difference?". Jornal Vascular Brasileiro. 20: e20200211. doi:10.1590/1677-5449.200211. ISSN 1677-5449. PMC 8276643. PMID 34290756.