Back لقاح موهن Arabic Vacuna atenuada Catalan Oslabená vakcína Czech Lebendimpfstoff German Vacuna atenuada Spanish Txerto moteldu Basque واکسن زنده Persian Virus atténué French חיסון מוחלש HE Թուլացված պատվաստանյութ Armenian

Attenuated vaccine

An attenuated vaccine (or a live attenuated vaccine, LAV) is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or "live").[1] Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent.[2] These vaccines contrast to those produced by "killing" the pathogen (inactivated vaccine).

Attenuated vaccines stimulate a strong and effective immune response that is long-lasting.[3] In comparison to inactivated vaccines, attenuated vaccines produce a stronger and more durable immune response with a quick immunity onset.[4][5][6] They are generally avoided in pregnancy and in patients with severe immunodeficiencies.[7] Attenuated vaccines function by encouraging the body to create antibodies and memory immune cells in response to the specific pathogen which the vaccine protects against.[8] Common examples of live attenuated vaccines are measles, mumps, rubella, yellow fever, and some influenza vaccines.[3]

  1. ^ Badgett, Marty R.; Auer, Alexandra; Carmichael, Leland E.; Parrish, Colin R.; Bull, James J. (October 2002). "Evolutionary Dynamics of Viral Attenuation". Journal of Virology. 76 (20): 10524–10529. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.20.10524-10529.2002. ISSN 0022-538X. PMC 136581. PMID 12239331.
  2. ^ Pulendran, Bali; Ahmed, Rafi (June 2011). "Immunological mechanisms of vaccination". Nature Immunology. 12 (6): 509–517. doi:10.1038/ni.2039. ISSN 1529-2908. PMC 3253344. PMID 21739679.
  3. ^ a b "Vaccine Types | Vaccines". www.vaccines.gov. Archived from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  4. ^ Gil, Carmen; Latasa, Cristina; García-Ona, Enrique; Lázaro, Isidro; Labairu, Javier; Echeverz, Maite; Burgui, Saioa; García, Begoña; Lasa, Iñigo; Solano, Cristina (2020). "A DIVA vaccine strain lacking RpoS and the secondary messenger c-di-GMP for protection against salmonellosis in pigs". Veterinary Research. 51 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/s13567-019-0730-3. ISSN 0928-4249. PMC 6954585. PMID 31924274.
  5. ^ Tretyakova, Irina; Lukashevich, Igor S.; Glass, Pamela; Wang, Eryu; Weaver, Scott; Pushko, Peter (4 February 2013). "Novel Vaccine against Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Combines Advantages of DNA Immunization and a Live Attenuated Vaccine". Vaccine. 31 (7): 1019–1025. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.12.050. ISSN 0264-410X. PMC 3556218. PMID 23287629.
  6. ^ Zou, Jing; Xie, Xuping; Luo, Huanle; Shan, Chao; Muruato, Antonio E.; Weaver, Scott C.; Wang, Tian; Shi, Pei-Yong (7 September 2018). "A single-dose plasmid-launched live-attenuated Zika vaccine induces protective immunity". eBioMedicine. 36: 92–102. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.08.056. ISSN 2352-3964. PMC 6197676. PMID 30201444.
  7. ^ "ACIP Altered Immunocompetence Guidelines for Immunizations | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 19 September 2023. Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference :02 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Developed by StudentB