In Australia, there are four parliamentary departments that provide advice and support to both Houses of the Australian Parliament, their members, committees as well as services to Parliament House, including visitors. The parliamentary departments operate under the Parliamentary Service Act 1999 and report only to one or both of the presiding officers of the Australian Parliament — the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives — who in turn are responsible for the departments to their respective house of parliament. Employees of these departments constitute the Australian Parliamentary Service, which is not part of the Australian Public Service. The parliamentary departments are independent of the Australian Government, though the Merit Protection Commissioner provides employment services to both services on an equivalent basis.