Austria

Republic of Austria Republik Österreich (German)
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "Bundeshymne der Republik Österreich" "National Anthem of the Republic of Austria"
Show globe Show map of Europe Location of Austria (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)  –  [Legend]
Capital and largest city	Vienna 48°12′N 16°21′E / 48.200°N 16.350°E / 48.200; 16.350
Official languages	German[a][b]
National language	Austrian German (Austrian)[c]
Official regional languages	Hungarian Slovene Burgenland Croatian[1][2]
Ethnic groups (2023)[3]	72.8% Austrians 27.2% other
Religion (2021)[4]	68.2% Christianity 55.2% Catholicism 4.9% Orthodoxy 3.8% Protestantism 4.3% other Christian 22.4% no religion 8.3% Islam 1.1% other
Demonym(s)	Austrian
Government	Federal parliamentary republic[5]
• President	Alexander Van der Bellen
• Chancellor	Karl Nehammer
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Federal Council
• Lower house	National Council
Formation
• Name	1 November 996
• Duchy	17 September 1156
• Empire	11 August 1804
• Austria-Hungary	30 March 1867
• First Republic	10 September 1919
• Federal State	1 May 1934
• Anschluss	13 March 1938
• Second Republic	27 April 1945
• State Treaty	27 July 1955
Area
• Total	83,879[6] km2 (32,386 sq mi) (113th)
• Water (%)	0.84 (2015)[7]
Population
• April 2022 estimate	9,027,999[8] (97th)
• Density	107.6/km2 (278.7/sq mi) (106th)
GDP (PPP)	2024 estimate
• Total	$667.153 billion[9] (43rd)
• Per capita	$73,050[9] (14th)
GDP (nominal)	2024 estimate
• Total	$535.804 billion[9] (33rd)
• Per capita	$58,668[9] (17th)
Gini (2023)	28.1[10] low inequality
HDI (2022)	0.926[11] very high (22nd)
Currency	Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Calling code	+43
ISO 3166 code	AT
Internet TLD	.at

Austria,^[d] formally the Republic of Austria,^[e] is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps.^[13] It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous city and state. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The landlocked country occupies an area of 83,879 km² (32,386 sq mi) and has a population of around 9 million.^[14]

The area of today's Austria has been inhabited since at least the Paleolithic period. Around 400 BC, it was inhabited by the Celts and then annexed by the Romans in the late 1st century BC. Christianization in the region began in the 4th and 5th centuries, during the late Roman period, followed by the arrival of numerous Germanic tribes during the Migration Period.^[15] Austria, as a unified state, emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium, first as a frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire, it then developed into a duchy in 1156, and was made an Archduchy in 1453. Being the heartland of the Habsburg monarchy since the late 13th century, Austria was a major imperial power in Central Europe for centuries and from the 16th century, Vienna was also serving as the Holy Roman Empire's administrative capital.^[16] Before the dissolution of the empire two years later, in 1804, Austria established its own empire, which became a great power and one of the largest states in Europe. The empire's defeat in wars and the loss of territories in the 1860s paved the way for the establishment of Austria-Hungary in 1867.^[17]

After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph declared war on Serbia, which ultimately escalated into World War I. The empire's defeat and subsequent collapse led to the proclamation of the Republic of German-Austria in 1918 and the First Austrian Republic in 1919. During the interwar period, anti-parliamentarian sentiments culminated in the formation of an Austrofascist dictatorship under Engelbert Dollfuss in 1934. A year before the outbreak of World War II, Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany by Adolf Hitler, and it became a sub-national division. After its liberation in 1945 and a decade of Allied occupation, the country regained its sovereignty and declared its perpetual neutrality in 1955.

Austria is a federal parliamentary republic^[18][19] and representative democracy with a popularly elected president as head of state and a chancellor as head of government and chief executive. Austria has the 13th highest nominal GDP per capita with high standards of living. The country has been a member of the United Nations since 1955^[20] and of the European Union since 1995.^[21] It hosts the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and is a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Interpol.^[22] It also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995,^[23] and adopted the euro currency in 1999.^[24]

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