Back Estat de Ba Catalan ویلایەتی با CKB Ba (Staat) German Estado Ba Spanish Ba riik Estonian ایالت با Persian Ba (État) French Ba (negara) ID Ba (stato) Italian 파나라 Korean
Ba 巴 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ?–316 BC | |||||||
&sq=Google&lang=en&file=File:States_of_Zhou_Dynasty.png) | |||||||
| Capital | Yíchéng (夷城) Píngdū (平都) Zhǐ (枳) Jīangzhōu (江州) Diànjīang (垫江) Langzhong(閬中) | ||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||
| History | |||||||
• Established | ? | ||||||
• Disestablished | 316 BC | ||||||
| |||||||
| Today part of | China | ||||||
Ba (Chinese: 巴; pinyin: Bā; lit. 'a pictograph for "elephant-eating snake"',[1] Old Chinese: *Pˤra) was an ancient state in eastern Sichuan, China. Its original capital was Yicheng (Enshi City), Hubei. Ba was conquered by Qin in 316 BC. The historical Bo people and the modern Tujia people trace some of their origins back to the people of Ba.[2]
Ba, often described as a loose confederation or collection of chiefdoms, consisted of several loosely affiliated independent clans who recognized a king. The Ba clans were highly diverse, being composed of multiple tribes. Archeological evidence shows that the Ba people primarily relied on fishing and hunting, with low levels of agriculture and no evidence of irrigation.[3]
- ^ Xu Shen, Shuowen Jiezi, vol. 15, "radical 巴"; quote: (巴：蟲也。或曰食象蛇。象形。), rough translation: "巴 (bā): an animal. Some say [it is] a snake that eats elephants. A pictogram." Note: "animal" is a semantic shift from "worm, bug, insect"; see "entry 蟲" in Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary (《教育部國語辭典》)
- ^ "DNA测定下里巴人". people.com.cn (in Chinese). July 4, 2001. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ Barbara A. West (2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. pp. 73–74. ISBN 978-0-8160-7109-8.