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Barry Goldwater | |
|---|---|
 Senate portrait, 1960 | |
| United States Senator from Arizona | |
| In office January 3, 1969 – January 3, 1987 | |
| Preceded by | Carl Hayden |
| Succeeded by | John McCain |
| In office January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1965 | |
| Preceded by | Ernest McFarland |
| Succeeded by | Paul Fannin |
| Chair of the Senate Armed Services Committee | |
| In office January 3, 1985 – January 3, 1987 | |
| Preceded by | John Tower |
| Succeeded by | Sam Nunn |
| Chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee | |
| In office January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1985 | |
| Preceded by | Birch Bayh |
| Succeeded by | David Durenberger |
| Member of the Phoenix City Council from the at-large district | |
| In office 1950–1952 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Barry Morris Goldwater January 2, 1909 Phoenix, Arizona Territory, U.S. |
| Died | May 29, 1998 (aged 89) Paradise Valley, Arizona, U.S. |
| Resting place | Christ Church of the Ascension Paradise Valley, Arizona |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouses | Margaret Johnson
(m. 1934; died 1985)Susan Shaffer Wechsler
(m. 1992) |
| Children | 4, including Barry Jr. |
| Education | University of Arizona (did not graduate) |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | |
| Years of service | 1941–1967 |
| Rank | Major General |
| Battles/wars | |
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Barry Morris Goldwater (January 2, 1909[1] – May 29, 1998) was an American politician and major general in the Air Force Reserve who served as a United States senator from 1953 to 1965 and 1969 to 1987, and was the Republican Party's nominee for president in 1964.
Goldwater was born in Phoenix, Arizona, where he helped manage his family's department store. During World War II, he flew aircraft between the U.S. and India. After the war, Goldwater served in the Phoenix City Council. In 1952, he was elected to the U.S. Senate, where he rejected the legacy of the New Deal and, along with the conservative coalition, fought against the New Deal coalition. Goldwater also challenged his party's moderate to liberal wing on policy issues. He supported the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960 and the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution but opposed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, disagreeing with Title II and Title VII. In the 1964 U.S. presidential election, Goldwater mobilized a large conservative constituency to win the Republican nomination, but then lost the general election to incumbent Democratic president Lyndon B. Johnson in a landslide.[2]
Goldwater returned to the Senate in 1969 and specialized in defense and foreign policy. He successfully urged president Richard Nixon to resign in 1974 when evidence of a cover-up in the Watergate scandal became overwhelming and impeachment was imminent. In 1986, he oversaw passage of the Goldwater–Nichols Act, which strengthened civilian authority in the U.S. Department of Defense. Near the end of his career, Goldwater's views on social and cultural issues grew increasingly libertarian.
After leaving the Senate, Goldwater became supportive of homosexuals serving openly in the military,[3] environmental protection,[4] gay rights,[5] abortion rights,[6] adoption rights for same-sex couples,[7] and the legalization of medicinal marijuana.[8] Many political pundits and historians believe he laid the foundation for the conservative revolution to follow as the grassroots organization and conservative takeover of the Republican Party began a long-term realignment in American politics, which helped to bring about the presidency of Ronald Reagan in the 1980s. He also had a substantial impact on the American libertarian movement.[9]
- ^ Internet Accuracy Project, Senator Barry Goldwater Archived November 15, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
- ^ "Goldwater, Barry M. | The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute". kinginstitute.stanford.edu. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
- ^
- Linkins, Jason (July 13, 2009). "John McCain: 'Don't Ask Don't Tell' Not A 'Civil Rights Issue'". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
- The Associated Press (June 11, 1993). "Goldwater Backs Gay Troops". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
- "Barry Goldwater on the Military Ban". www.cs.cmu.edu. Archived from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
- "Goldwater Calls Opposition to Gays in Military 'Dumb'". Deseret News. August 22, 1993. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
- "Goldwater blasts GOP on military gays". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
- ^
- Marc Lallanilla (April 21, 2013). "6 Surprising Environmentalists". livescience.com. Archived from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
- Farber, Daniel A. (2017). "The Conservative as Environmentalist: From Goldwater and the Early Reagan to the 21st Century". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2919633. ISSN 1556-5068. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
- ^
- Grove, Lloyd (July 28, 1994). "Barry Goldwater's Left Turn". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 14, 2000. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
- "Who's better on gay rights, Mitt Romney or Barry Goldwater?". Baltimore Sun. May 8, 2012. Archived from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
- "Goldwater on Gay Rights". www.latimes.com. July 28, 1994. Archived from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
- "Goldater Backs Lifting Gay Ban". Los Angeles Times. June 11, 1993. Archived from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
- ^
- "Goldwater Opposes GOP on Abortion". Los Angeles Times. August 7, 1992. Archived from the original on August 6, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
- Roth, Bennett (April 13, 2011). "Planned Parenthood Once Had GOP Pals". Roll Call. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
- ^
- "Sexuality and Family in the Political Spotlight". Los Angeles Times. August 4, 2000. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
- Eckholm, Erik (March 4, 2014). "Republicans From the West Give Support for Gay Marriage". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
- ^
- "History of Medical Marijuana In Arizona". Nature's Medicines. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
- Scheer, Robert (November 19, 1996). "Reefer Madness: Feds Go Ballistic on Pot Measures". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
- Dish, The Daily (September 20, 2006). "Goldwater". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
- ^ Poole, Robert (August–September 1998), "In memoriam: Barry Goldwater", Reason (Obituary), archived from the original on June 28, 2009