Battle of Pelekanon

Battle of Pelekanon
	Part of the Siege of Nicaea during the Byzantine–Ottoman Wars
	; Map of Ottoman expansion under Orhan
Date	June 10–11, 1329
Location	Near Nicomedia, Bithynia; (present day: Maltepe, Turkey)
Result	Ottoman victory
Belligerents
Byzantine Empire	Ottoman Beylik
Commanders and leaders
Andronikos III; John Cantacuzene	Orhan I
Strength
~4,000 or fewer:; ~2,000 soldiers from Constantinople, and something less than this number from Thrace.	~8,000

The Battle of Pelekanon, also known by its Latinised form Battle of Pelecanum, occurred on June 10–11, 1329 between an expeditionary force by the Byzantines led by Andronikos IIl and an Ottoman army led by Orhan I. The Byzantine army was defeated, with no further attempt made at relieving the cities in Anatolia under Ottoman siege.

^ Pitcher, Donald Edgar. An Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire from Earliest Times to the End of the Sixteenth Century, Brill Archive, 1972, p. 38.
^ Shaw, Stanford J. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, vol 1, Cambridge University Press, 1976, p. 15.
^ Heath, Ian and Angus McBride, Byzantine Armies 1118–1461 AD. Osprey Publishing, 1995, 8.
^ Cite error: The named reference Treadgold was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Bartusis, The Late Byzantine Army, p. 91 "In June 1329 he [Andronicus III] and Kantakouzenos led a major expedition into Asia with 2,000 soldiers from Constantinople, and something less than this number from Thrace. At Pelekanos their army encountered the forces of Orhan, Osman's son and successor, encamped with about 8,000 men."

[1] Pitcher, Donald Edgar. An Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire from Earliest Times to the End of the Sixteenth Century, Brill Archive, 1972, p. 38.

[2] Shaw, Stanford J. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, vol 1, Cambridge University Press, 1976, p. 15.

[3] Heath, Ian and Angus McBride, Byzantine Armies 1118–1461 AD. Osprey Publishing, 1995, 8.

[Treadgold-4] Cite error: The named reference Treadgold was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Bartusis-5] Bartusis, The Late Byzantine Army, p. 91 "In June 1329 he [Andronicus III] and Kantakouzenos led a major expedition into Asia with 2,000 soldiers from Constantinople, and something less than this number from Thrace. At Pelekanos their army encountered the forces of Orhan, Osman's son and successor, encamped with about 8,000 men."

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