Back معركة تورا بورا Arabic Bitva o komplex Tora Bora Czech Slaget om Tora Bora Danish Schlacht um Tora Bora German Batalla de Tora Bora Spanish نبرد تورا بورا Persian Bataille de Tora Bora French קרב טורה בורה HE Pertempuran Tora Bora ID Battaglia di Tora Bora Italian

Battle of Tora Bora

This article is about the 2001 battle. For the 2017 battle, see Battle of Tora Bora (2017).

Battle of Tora Bora
Part of the invasion of Afghanistan

Location of Tora Bora in Afghanistan,
34°07′N 70°13′E / 34.117°N 70.217°E / 34.117; 70.217
DateNovember 30 – December 17, 2001[2]
Location
Pachir Wa Agam District, Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan
Result

US-led coalition partial victory[3][4][5][6]

Belligerents
Islamic State of Afghanistan
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Germany

Al-Qaeda
 Taliban

Turkistan Islamic Party
Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi
Commanders and leaders
Bismillah Khan
Hazrat Ali
Abdul Zahir Qadir
Mohammed Zaman
Tommy Franks
Dalton Fury[4]
Gary Berntsen
Michael Boyce
Reinhard Günzel
 Osama bin Laden
Ayman al-Zawahiri[7]
Mullah Omar
Abdul Latif Nasir (POW) (alleged)[8]
Hasan Mahsum
Sufi Muhammad
Strength
2,500 Afghan Eastern Shura fighters[9]
70 U.S. 1st SFOD-D members
10 CIA SAD agents
10 5th Special Forces Group members
52 Special Boat Service members
10 Secret Intelligence Service agents[10]
Kommando Spezialkräfte
other coalition forces (aircraft)
 ~1,500–2,000[9]
Casualties and losses
Afghan Militias: Unknown
Coalition: None[11]		 220 killed, 60 captured[12]

The Battle of Tora Bora was a military engagement that took place in the cave complex of Tora Bora, eastern Afghanistan, from November 30 – December 17, 2001, during the final stages of the United States invasion of Afghanistan. It was launched by the United States and its allies with the objective to capture or kill Osama bin Laden, the founder and leader of the militant organization al-Qaeda. Al-Qaeda and bin Laden were suspected of being responsible for the September 11 attacks three months prior. Tora Bora (Pashto: تورا بورا; Black Cave) is located in the Spīn Ghar mountain range near the Khyber Pass. The U.S. stated that al-Qaeda had its headquarters there and that it was bin Laden's location at the time.

  1. ^ Neville, Leigh, Special Forces in the War on Terror (General Military), Osprey Publishing, 2015 ISBN 978-1-4728-0790-8, p.48
  2. ^ Malkasian 2021, p. 77.
  3. ^ Turner, Daniel. "Operational Analysis of the Battle of Tora Bora, Afghanistan, 2001". The Cove. Retrieved April 21, 2024.
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference How We Failed to Get Bin Laden was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ "Tora Bora Reconsidered: LESSONS FROM 125 YEARS OF STRATEGIC MANHUNTS" (PDF). Ndupress.ndu.edu. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
  6. ^ "Battle of Tora Bora | Afghanistan War | Britannica". Britannica.com. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
  7. ^ Bergen 2021, p. 172.
  8. ^ Thomas Joscelyn (July 20, 2021). "U.S. transfers Guantánamo detainee who allegedly led forces at Tora Bora". FDD's Long War Journal. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
  9. ^ a b Weaver, Mary Anne (September 11, 2005). "Lost at Tora Bora". The New York Times.
  10. ^ Corera, Gordon, MI6: Life and Death in the British Secret Service, W&N , 2012, ISBN 0-7538-2833-2, 978-0753828335, p.338
  11. ^ Malkasian 2021, p. 78.
  12. ^ Neville, Leigh (2008). Special Operations Forces in Afghanistan (Elite). Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-310-0.p.20

Developed by StudentB