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Belarusian People's Republic Беларуская Народная Рэспубліка Bielaruskaja Narodnaja Respublika | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1918–1919 Exile: 1919–present | |||||||||||||||
| Anthem: Ваяцкі марш Vajacki marš "March of the Warriors" | |||||||||||||||
Government seal | |||||||||||||||
 Claimed territories superimposed on modern borders | |||||||||||||||
| Status | Partially recognized state under German occupation (1918) Government in exile (1919–present) | ||||||||||||||
| Capital | 1918 Minsk · Vilnius 1918–1919 Hrodna | ||||||||||||||
| Capital-in-exile | 1919–1923 Kaunas 1923–1945 Prague 1948–1970 Paris 1970–1983 Toronto 1983–present Ottawa | ||||||||||||||
| Common languages | Belarusian Minority languages: Russian Polish Yiddish Lithuanian Ukrainian | ||||||||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Belarusian | ||||||||||||||
| Government | Unitary parliamentary republic under a provisional government | ||||||||||||||
| President of the Rada | |||||||||||||||
• 1918 | Jan Sierada | ||||||||||||||
• 1918–1919 | Jazep Losik (acting) | ||||||||||||||
| President in exile | |||||||||||||||
• 1919–1928 | Piotra Krečeŭski | ||||||||||||||
• 1928–1943 | Vasil Zacharka | ||||||||||||||
• 1943–1970 | Mikoła Abramčyk | ||||||||||||||
• 1970–1982 | Vincent Žuk-Hryškievič | ||||||||||||||
• 1982–1997 | Jazep Sažyč | ||||||||||||||
• 1997–present | Ivonka Survilla | ||||||||||||||
| Legislature | Rada | ||||||||||||||
| Historical era | World War I | ||||||||||||||
• Established[1] | 6 March 1918 | ||||||||||||||
• Independence proclaimed | 25 March 1918 | ||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | Spring 1919 | ||||||||||||||
• In exile | 1919–present | ||||||||||||||
| Currency | Ruble | ||||||||||||||
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The Belarusian People's Republic[2][3][4] (BNR; Belarusian: Беларуская Народная Рэспубліка, romanized: Biełaruskaja Narodnaja Respublika, БНР), also known as the Belarusian Democratic Republic, was a state proclaimed by the Council of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in its Second Constituent Charter on 9 March 1918 during World War I. The Council proclaimed the Belarusian Democratic Republic independent in its Third Constituent Charter on 25 March 1918 during the occupation of contemporary Belarus by the Imperial German Army.[5]
The government of the Belarusian Democratic Republic never had power over the whole territory of Belarus. In 1919, it co-existed with an alternative Soviet Russia-controlled Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia (which later became part of the Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic), moving its seat of government to Vilnius and Hrodna,[6] but ceased to exist due to the partition of the whole Belarusian territory between the Bolshevik Red Army and the Polish Armed Forces as a result of the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921.[7]
Currently, its government in exile, the Rada (Council) of the Belarusian Democratic Republic is the oldest still functioning government in exile.
- ^ Druhaja Ŭstaŭnaja Hramata da narodaŭ Bielarusi [The Second Constituent Charter to the Peoples of Belarus]. (n.d.). Retrieved December 29, 2017, from http://www.radabnr.org/usthramaty/hramata2/
- ^ The Journal of Belarusian Studies 2018. Ostrogorski Centre. 14 March 2019. ISBN 9780244767938.
- ^ Dungaciu, Dan; Naumescu, Valentin (5 February 2015). The European Union's Eastern Neighbourhood Today: Politics, Dynamics, Perspectives. Cambridge Scholars. ISBN 9781443875196.
- ^ Fedor, Julie; Kangaspuro, Markku; Lassila, Jussi; Zhurzhenko, Tatiana (5 December 2017). War and Memory in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. Springer. ISBN 9783319665238.
- ^ Treciaja Ŭstaŭnaja Hramata Rady BNR [The Third Constituent Charter of the Council of the BNR]. (n.d.). Retrieved December 28, 2017, from http://www.radabnr.org/usthramaty/hramata3/
- ^ Ladysieŭ, U. F., & Bryhandzin, P. I. (2003). BNR: stanaŭliennie, dziejnasć. Ministerstva bielaruskich spraŭ pry Litoŭskaj Tarybie [BNR, its formation and activities. The Ministry for Belarusian Affairs under the Council of Lithuania]. In Pamiž Uschodam i Zachadam. Stanaŭliennie dziaržaŭnasci i terytaryjaĺnaj celasnasci Bielarusi (1917–1939) [Between the East and the West. The formation of statehood and territorial integrity of Belarus (1917–1939)] (pp. 84–88). Minsk: Belarusian State University.
- ^ Ladysieŭ, U. F., & Bryhandzin, P. I. (2003). BNR: stanaŭliennie, dziejnasć. Ministerstva bielaruskich spraŭ pry Litoŭskaj Tarybie [BNR, its formation and activities. The Ministry for Belarusian Affairs under the Council of Lithuania]. In Pamiž Uschodam i Zachadam. Stanaŭliennie dziaržaŭnasci i terytaryjaĺnaj celasnasci Bielarusi (1917–1939) [Between the East and the West. The formation of statehood and territorial integrity of Belarus (1917–1939)] (pp. 117–119). Minsk: Belarusian State University.