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Bioconcentration

In aquatic toxicology, bioconcentration is the accumulation of a water-borne chemical substance in an organism exposed to the water.[1][2]

There are several ways in which to measure and assess bioaccumulation and bioconcentration. These include: octanol-water partition coefficients (KOW), bioconcentration factors (BCF), bioaccumulation factors (BAF) and biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF). Each of these can be calculated using either empirical data or measurements, as well as from mathematical models.[3] One of these mathematical models is a fugacity-based BCF model developed by Don Mackay.[4]

Bioconcentration factor can also be expressed as the ratio of the concentration of a chemical in an organism to the concentration of the chemical in the surrounding environment. The BCF is a measure of the extent of chemical sharing between an organism and the surrounding environment.[5]

In surface water, the BCF is the ratio of a chemical's concentration in an organism to the chemical's aqueous concentration. BCF is often expressed in units of liter per kilogram (ratio of mg of chemical per kg of organism to mg of chemical per liter of water).[6] BCF can simply be an observed ratio, or it can be the prediction of a partitioning model.[6] A partitioning model is based on assumptions that chemicals partition between water and aquatic organisms as well as the idea that chemical equilibrium exists between the organisms and the aquatic environment in which it is found[6]

  1. ^ Landis WG, Sofield RM, Yu MH (2011). Introduction to Environmental Toxicology: Molecular Structures to Ecological Landscapes (Fourth ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 117–162. ISBN 978-1-4398-0410-0.
  2. ^ Gobas FAPC; Morrison HA (2000). "Biococentration and biomagnification in the aquatic environment". In Boethling RS; Mackay D (eds.). Handbook of Property Estimation Methods for Chemicals: Environmental and Health Sciences. Boca Raton, FL, USA: Lewis. pp. 189–231.
  3. ^ Arnot, Jon A.; Frank A.P.C. Gobas (2004). "A Food Web Bioaccumulation Model for Organic Chemicals in Aquatic Ecosystems". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 23 (10): 2343–2355. doi:10.1897/03-438. PMID 15511097. S2CID 23843677.
  4. ^ Mackay, Don (1982). "Correlation of bioconcentration factors". Environmental Science and Technology. 16 (5): 274–278. Bibcode:1982EnST...16..274M. doi:10.1021/es00099a008. PMID 22257252.
  5. ^ "Chapter 173–333 WAC Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxins" (PDF). Department of Ecology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  6. ^ a b c Hemond, Harold (2000). Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment. San Diego, CA: Elsevier. pp. 156–157. ISBN 978-0-12-340275-2.

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