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Breed

For other uses, see Breed (disambiguation).
Braunvieh, a dairy breed[1] with high milk production and little milk fat

A breed is a specific group of breedable domestic animals having homogeneous appearance (phenotype), homogeneous behavior, and/or other characteristics that distinguish it from other organisms of the same species. In literature, there exist several slightly deviating definitions.[2] Breeds are formed through genetic isolation and either natural adaptation to the environment or selective breeding, or a combination of the two. Despite the centrality of the idea of "breeds" to animal husbandry and agriculture, no single, scientifically accepted definition of the term exists.[3]: 340  A breed is therefore not an objective or biologically verifiable classification but is instead a term of art amongst groups of breeders who share a consensus around what qualities make some members of a given species members of a nameable subset.[4]

Another point of view is that a breed is consistent enough in type to be logically grouped together and when mated within the group produce the same type.[5] When bred together, individuals of the same breed pass on these predictable traits to their offspring, and this ability – known as "breeding true" – is a requirement for a breed. Plant breeds are more commonly known as cultivars. The offspring produced as a result of breeding animals of one breed with other animals of another breed are known as crossbreeds or mixed breeds. Crosses between animal or plant variants above the level of breed/cultivar (i.e. between species, subspecies, botanical variety, even different genera) are referred to as hybrids.[6]

  1. ^ "Breeds:German owl". The Cattle Sit. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  2. ^ Hall, S. J. G.; Bradley, D. G. (1995). "Conserving livestock breed biodiversity". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 10 (7): 267–70. doi:10.1016/0169-5347(95)90005-5. PMID 21237034.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference fao was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference lush was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Clutton-Brock, Juliet. 1987 A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals, Cambridge University Press and the Museum of Natural History, page 40.
  6. ^ Banga, Surinder S. (1998). Hybrid Cultivar Development. Springer-Verlag. p. 119. ISBN 3540635238.

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