Back كاميلودينوم ARZ Camulodúnum Catalan Camulodunum German Καμουλόδουνον Greek Camulodunum Esperanto Camulodunum Spanish Camulodunum French קאמולודונום HE Camulodunum ID Camulodunum Italian
 Colchester's Roman town walls | |
  Shown within England | |
| Alternative name | Camulodunon, Colonia Claudia Victricensis, Colonia Victricensis |
|---|---|
| Location | Colchester, Essex, England |
| Region | Britannia |
| Coordinates | 51°53′31″N 0°53′53″E / 51.89194°N 0.89806°E |
| Type | Colonia |
| History | |
| Founded | Late 1st century BC |
| Periods | British Iron Age to Roman Empire |
| Site notes | |
| OS grid reference: TL995255 | |
Camulodunum (/ˌkæm(j)ʊloʊˈdjuːnəm/ KAM-(y)uu-loh-DEW-nəm;[1] Latin: CAMVLODVNVM), the Ancient Roman name for what is now Colchester in Essex, was an important[2][3] castrum and city in Roman Britain, and the first capital of the province. A temporary "strapline" in the 1960s identifying it as the "oldest recorded town in Britain" has become popular with residents and is still used on heritage roadsigns on trunk road approaches.[4] Originally the site of the Brythonic-Celtic oppidum of Camulodunon (meaning "stronghold of Camulos"), capital of the Trinovantes and later the Catuvellauni tribes, it was first mentioned by name on coinage minted by the chieftain Tasciovanus some time between 20 and 10 BC.[5] The Roman town began life as a Roman legionary base constructed in the AD 40s on the site of the Brythonic-Celtic fortress following its conquest by the Emperor Claudius.[5] After the early town was destroyed during the Iceni rebellion in AD 60/61, it was rebuilt, reaching its zenith in the 2nd and 3rd centuries.[5] During this time it was known by its official name Colonia Claudia Victricensis (COLONIA CLAVDIA VICTRICENSIS),[6] often shortened to Colonia Victricensis, and as Camulodunum, a Latinised version of its original Brythonic name.[7] The town was home to a large classical temple, two theatres (including Britain's largest), several Romano-British temples, Britain's only known chariot circus, Britain's first town walls, several large cemeteries and over 50 known mosaics and tessellated pavements.[2][3][5][8] It may have reached a population of 30,000 at its height.[9]
- ^ "Camulodunum". Collins Dictionary. n.d. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Todd, M 1981was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Wilson, Roger J 2002was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ McWhirr, Alan (1988) Roman Crafts and Industries. Published by Shire Publications LTD. (ISBN 0 85263 594 X)
- ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference
Crummy, Philip 1997was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Mike Ibeji. "Roman Colchester: Britain's First City". BBC Online. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
cooperwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Hull, M.R. (1958). Roman Colchester. The Society of Antiquaries of London
- ^ McCloy, A.; Midgley, A. (2008). Discovering Roman Britain. New Holland. p. 60. ISBN 9781847731289. Retrieved 25 October 2014.