Chain-linked model

The chain-linked model or Kline model of innovation was introduced by mechanical engineer Stephen J. Kline in 1985,^[1] and further described by Kline and economist Nathan Rosenberg in 1986.^[2] The chain-linked model is an attempt to describe complexities in the innovation process. The model is regarded as Kline's most significant contribution.^[3]

^ Kline (1985). Research, Invention, Innovation and Production: Models and Reality, Report INN-1, March 1985, Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University.
^ Kline, S.J. & N. Rosenberg (1986). “An overview of innovation.” In R. Landau & N. Rosenberg (eds.), The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, pp. 275–305.
^ "Salisbury, David F., "Memorial for Stephen Kline; engineer, interdisciplinary thinker," news release, Stanford University, October 27, 1997". Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2018.

[1] Kline (1985). Research, Invention, Innovation and Production: Models and Reality, Report INN-1, March 1985, Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University.

[2] Kline, S.J. & N. Rosenberg (1986). “An overview of innovation.” In R. Landau & N. Rosenberg (eds.), The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, pp. 275–305.

[3] "Salisbury, David F., "Memorial for Stephen Kline; engineer, interdisciplinary thinker," news release, Stanford University, October 27, 1997". Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2018.

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