Back Chalkopiriet Afrikaans Calcopirita AN كالكوبيريت Arabic Calcopirita AST Xalkopirit Azerbaijani Халькапірыт Byelorussian Халкопирит Bulgarian Calcopirita Catalan Chalkopyrit Czech Chalkopyrit German
| Chalcopyrite | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General | |
| Category | Sulfide mineral |
| Formula (repeating unit) | CuFeS2 |
| IMA symbol | Ccp[1] |
| Strunz classification | 2.CB.10a |
| Crystal system | Tetragonal |
| Crystal class | Scalenohedral (42m) H-M symbol: (4 2m) |
| Space group | I42d |
| Unit cell | a = 5.289 Å, c = 10.423 Å; Z = 4 |
| Identification | |
| Formula mass | 183.54 g/mol |
| Color | Brass yellow, may have iridescent purplish tarnish. |
| Crystal habit | Predominantly the disphenoid and resembles a tetrahedron, commonly massive, and sometimes botryoidal. |
| Twinning | Penetration twins |
| Cleavage | Indistinct on {011} |
| Fracture | Irregular to uneven |
| Tenacity | Brittle |
| Mohs scale hardness | 3.5–4 |
| Luster | Metallic |
| Streak | Greenish black |
| Diaphaneity | Opaque |
| Specific gravity | 4.1–4.3 |
| Optical properties | Opaque |
| Solubility | Soluble in HNO3 |
| Other characteristics | magnetic on heating |
| References | [2][3][4][5][6] |
Chalcopyrite (/ˌkælkəˈpaɪˌraɪt, -koʊ-/[7][8] KAL-kə-PY-ryte, -koh-) is a copper iron sulfide mineral and the most abundant copper ore mineral. It has the chemical formula CuFeS2 and crystallizes in the tetragonal system. It has a brassy to golden yellow color and a hardness of 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs scale. Its streak is diagnostic as green-tinged black.[9]
On exposure to air, chalcopyrite tarnishes to a variety of oxides, hydroxides, and sulfates. Associated copper minerals include the sulfides bornite (Cu5FeS4), chalcocite (Cu2S), covellite (CuS), digenite (Cu9S5); carbonates such as malachite and azurite, and rarely oxides such as cuprite (Cu2O). It is rarely found in association with native copper. Chalcopyrite is a conductor of electricity.[10]
Copper can be extracted from chalcopyrite ore using various methods. The two predominant methods are pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, the former being the most commercially viable.[11]
- ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ^ Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius S. Hurlbut, Jr., Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley, 20th ed., 1985, pp. 277 – 278 ISBN 0-471-80580-7
- ^ Palache, C., H. Berman, and C. Frondel (1944) Dana’s system of mineralogy, (7th edition), v. I, 219–224
- ^ "Chalcopyrite". Mindat.org.
- ^ Chalcopyrite data on Webmineral.com
- ^ Chalcopyrite in the Handbook of Mineralogy
- ^ "chalcopyrite". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-03-22.
- ^ "chalcopyrite". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
- ^ Haldar, S. K. (2020-01-01), Haldar, S. K. (ed.), "Chapter 1 - Minerals and rocks", Introduction to Mineralogy and Petrology (Second Edition), Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 1–51, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820585-3.00001-6, ISBN 978-0-12-820585-3, S2CID 226592959, retrieved 2023-02-10
- ^ Havlík, Tomáš (2008-01-01), Havlík, Tomáš (ed.), "Chapter 10 - Effect of The Electronic Structure on leaching of Sulphide Semiconductors", Hydrometallurgy, Woodhead Publishing Series in Metals and Surface Engineering, Woodhead Publishing, pp. 294–308, doi:10.1533/9781845694616.294, ISBN 978-1-84569-407-4, retrieved 2023-02-10
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Daehn-2022was invoked but never defined (see the help page).