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Chaldean Catholics

This article is about adherents of the Chaldean Catholic Church. For the church (separatist) itself, see Chaldean Catholic Church. For all other Christian groups that have at times been called Chaldean, see Church of the East.

Chaldean Catholics
ܟܲܠܕܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܩܲܬܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ[1]
Chaldean Catholics from Alqosh, 1980s
Total population
616,639 (2018)[2]
Regions with significant populations
Assyrian homeland300,000+
 Iraq241,471 (2016)[3]
 Turkey48,594 (2016)[3]
 Syria10,000 (2016)[3]
 Iran3,390 (2016)[3]
Assyrian diaspora300,000+
 United States250,000 (2018)[4]
 Australia36,600 (2021)[5]
 Canada31,372 (2016)[3]
Religions
Chaldean Catholic Church
Scriptures
The Bible (Pshitta)
Languages
Neo-Aramaic (Sureth), Mesopotamian Arabic[6][7]

Chaldean Catholics (/kælˈdiːən/) (Syriac: ܟܲܠܕܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܩܲܬܘܿܠܝܼܩܵܝܹ̈ܐ),[8] also known as Chaldeans (ܟܲܠܕܵܝܹ̈ܐ, Kaldāyē),[9][10][11] Chaldo-Assyrians or Assyro-Chaldeans,[12] are an ethnoreligious group of Assyrians who follow the Chaldean Catholic Church, which originates from the historic Church of the East.[13]

Other Christian denominations present in Assyrian demographics include the Assyrian Church of the East and the Ancient Church of the East (both of which also originate from the historic Church of the East and are modernly significantly less numerous than the Chaldean Catholic Church),[14] the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Syriac Catholic Church.[15]

The Chaldean Catholic community was formed in Upper Mesopotamia in the 16th and 17th centuries, arising from groups of the Church of the East who, after the schism of 1552, entered into communion with the Holy See (the Roman Catholic Church). Chaldean Catholics, indigenous to northern Mesopotamia, modernly divided between Iraq, Turkey, and Syria, have since migrated to Western countries including the United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia, Sweden and Germany. Chaldean Catholics and Assyrians in general also live in Lebanon, Egypt, Palestine, Israel, Jordan, Iran, Turkey, and Georgia. The most recent reasons for migration are religious persecution, ethnic persecution, poor economic conditions during the sanctions against Iraq, and poor security conditions after the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

  1. ^ "ܣܝܡܝܕܐ ܕܬܠܬܐ ܟܗܢܐ ܓܘ ܡܕܝܢܿܬܐ ܕܥܢܟܒ̣ܐ ܕܐܪܩ" (in Syriac). Archived from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  2. ^ Eastern Catholic Churches Worldwide 2018
  3. ^ a b c d e CNEWA 2016.
  4. ^ Eastern Catholic Churches in the United States 2018
  5. ^ "2021 People in Australia who were born in Iraq, Census Country of birth QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics".
  6. ^ Hanoosh, Yasmeen (2009). "Tomorrow They Write their Story: Chaldeans in America and the Transforming Narrative of Identities". Arab Voices in Diaspora. Brill. ISBN 978-90-420-2719-0.
  7. ^ Dhalimi, Abir; Wright, A. Michelle; Yamin, Jolin; Jamil, Hikmet; Arnetz, Bengt B. (2018). "Perception of discrimination in employment and health in refugees and immigrants". Stigma and Health. 3 (4): 325–329. doi:10.1037/sah0000068. PMC 6425969. PMID 30906872.
  8. ^ "ܣܝܡܝܕܐ ܕܬܠܬܐ ܟܗܢܐ ܓܘ ܡܕܝܢܿܬܐ ܕܥܢܟܒ̣ܐ ܕܐܪܩ" (in Syriac). Archived from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  9. ^ Allen James Fromherz. Gulf in World History: Arabian, Persian and Global Connections. Edinburgh University Press; 31 July 2018. ISBN 978-1-4744-3068-5. p. 106.
  10. ^ Eleanor Coghill. The Rise and Fall of Ergativity in Aramaic: Cycles of Alignment Change. OUP Oxford; 5 September 2016. ISBN 978-0-19-103574-6. p. 114.
  11. ^ Alexandre Salim Hourani, Ethnic, Political and Administrative Geography of the Biqāʽ, Wādī Al-Taym and ʻArqūb in the Greco-Roman Period. American University of Beirut. November 2006. p. 8
  12. ^ James F. Coakley, "Assyrians" in Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition, edited by Sebastian P. Brock, Aaron M. Butts, George A. Kiraz and Lucas Van Rompay quote: Among Chaldean Catholics, ‘Assyrian’ has had to compete with ‘Chaldean’ as the preferred ethnic name. Some have adopted ‘Assyro-Chaldean’ as a compromise.
  13. ^ "Who are the Chaldean Christians?". BBC News. March 13, 2008. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
  14. ^ In its 2018 Report on Religious Freedom, the U.S. Department of State put the Chaldean Catholics at approximately 67% of the Christians in Iraq (Iraq 2018 International Religious Freedom Report, p. 3). The 2019 Country Guidance on Iraq of the European Asylum Support Office gives the same information as the U.S. Department of State (European Asylum Support Office: Country Guidance - Iraq (June 2019), p. 70). Note that the Chaldean numbers are compared not only to the other two churches originating from the Church of the East but also to those of West Syriac tradition.
  15. ^ Kristian Girling, "'To live within Islam': The Chaldean Catholic Church in Modern Iraq, 1958–2003" in Charlotte Methuen, Andrew Spicer, John Wolffe (editors), Christianity and Religious Plurality (The Ecclesiastical History Society 2015), p. 370

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