Back تشارلز كانينغ، إيرل كانينغ الأول Arabic تشارلز كانينج ARZ लार्ड कैनिंग Bihari চার্লস ক্যানিং Bengali/Bangla Charles Canning, 1. hrabě Canning Czech Charles Canning, Iarll 1af Canning Welsh Charles Canning, 1. jarl Canning Danish Charles Canning, 1. Earl Canning German Charles John Canning Spanish Charles Canning Finnish

Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning

The Right Honourable
The Earl Canning
KG GCB KCSI PC
Portrait by John Jabez Edwin Mayall, c. 1855
Governor-General of India
In office
28 February 1856 – 31 October 1858
MonarchVictoria
Preceded byThe Marquess of Dalhousie
Succeeded byThe Earl of Elgin
Viceroy of India
In office
1 November 1858 – 21 March 1862
MonarchVictoria
Prime MinisterThe Viscount Palmerston
The Earl of Derby
Preceded byposition established
Succeeded byThe Earl of Elgin
First Commissioner of Woods and Forests
In office
2 March 1846 – 30 June 1846
MonarchVictoria
Prime MinisterSir Robert Peel, Bt
Preceded byThe Earl of Lincoln
Succeeded byViscount Morpeth
Postmaster General
In office
5 January 1853 – 30 January 1855
MonarchVictoria
Prime MinisterThe Earl of Aberdeen
Preceded byThe Earl of Hardwicke
Succeeded byThe Duke of Argyll
Personal details
Born(1812-12-14)14 December 1812
Brompton, London
Died17 June 1862(1862-06-17) (aged 49)
Grosvenor Square, London
Political partyConservative
Peelite
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1835; died 1861)​
Parent(s)George Canning
Joan Canning, 1st Viscountess Canning
Alma materChrist Church, Oxford

Charles John Canning, 1st Earl Canning, KG, GCB, KCSI, PC (14 December 1812 – 17 June 1862), also known as the Viscount Canning and Clemency Canning, was a British statesman and Governor-General of India during the Indian Rebellion of 1857[1] and the first Viceroy of India after the transfer of power from the East India Company to the Crown of Queen Victoria in 1858 after the rebellion was crushed.[2]

Canning is credited for ensuring that the administration and most departments of the government functioned normally during the rebellion and took major administrative decisions even during the peak of the Rebellion in 1857, including establishing the first three modern Universities in India, the University of Calcutta, University of Madras and University of Bombay based on Wood's despatch.[3][4][5] Canning passed the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856 which was drafted by his predecessor Lord Dalhousie before the rebellion.[6][7] He also passed the General Service Enlistment Act of 1856.[8]

After the rebellion he presided over a smooth transfer and reorganisation of government from the East India company to the crown,[9] the Indian Penal Code was drafted in 1860 based on the code drafted by Macaulay and came into force in 1862.[10] Canning met the rebellion '"with firmness, confidence, magnanimity and calm" as per his biographer, Sir George Dunbar.[11] Canning was very firm during the rebellion but after that he focused on reconciliation and reconstruction rather than retribution and issued a clemency proclamation.[12][13][14]

  1. ^ Raman, Praveen (2017). Canning. Praveenraman.
  2. ^ "Proclamation by the Queen in Council to the Princes, Chiefs and people of India". British Library. 1 November 1858. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  3. ^ Edward Thompson; Edward T. & G.T. Garratt (1999). History of British Rule in India. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 472–. ISBN 978-81-7156-804-8. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  4. ^ Sheshalatha Reddy (15 October 2013). Mapping the Nation: An Anthology of Indian Poetry in English, 18701920. Anthem Press. pp. 28–. ISBN 978-1-78308-075-5. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  5. ^ Augustine Kanjamala (21 August 2014). The Future of Christian Mission in India: Toward a New Paradigm for the Third Millennium. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 76–. ISBN 978-1-62032-315-1. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  6. ^ Mohammad Arshad; Hafiz Habibur Rahman (1966). History of Indo-Pakistan. Ideal Publications. p. 316. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  7. ^ Nusantara. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 1972. p. 233. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  8. ^ Alan Lester; Kate Boehme; Peter Mitchell (7 January 2021). Ruling the World: Freedom, Civilisation and Liberalism in the Nineteenth-Century British Empire. Cambridge University Press. pp. 232–. ISBN 978-1-108-42620-6. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  9. ^ The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Micropaedia (10 v.). Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1983. p. 512. ISBN 978-0-85229-400-0. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  10. ^ O. P. Singh Bhatia (1968). History of India, 1857 to 1916. S. Amardeep Publishers. pp. 27–28. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  11. ^ Sir George Dunbar (1939). A History of India from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Nicholson & Watson, limited. p. 528. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  12. ^ Deborah Cherry (7 September 2015). The Afterlives of Monuments. Taylor & Francis. pp. 60–. ISBN 978-1-317-70450-8. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  13. ^ Helen Rappaport (2003). Queen Victoria: A Biographical Companion. ABC-CLIO. pp. 201–. ISBN 978-1-85109-355-7. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  14. ^ James Stuart Olson; Robert Shadle (1996). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 245–. ISBN 978-0-313-29366-5. Retrieved 10 December 2018.

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