Chemical equilibrium

In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system.^[1] This state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. The reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are generally not zero, but they are equal. Thus, there are no net changes in the concentrations of the reactants and products. Such a state is known as dynamic equilibrium.^[2]^[3]

^ Atkins, Peter; De Paula, Julio (2006). Atkins' Physical Chemistry (8th ed.). W. H. Freeman. pp. 200–202. ISBN 0-7167-8759-8.
^ Cite error: The named reference aj was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "chemical equilibrium". doi:10.1351/goldbook.C01023

[Atkins-1] Atkins, Peter; De Paula, Julio (2006). Atkins' Physical Chemistry (8th ed.). W. H. Freeman. pp. 200–202. ISBN 0-7167-8759-8.

[aj-2] Cite error: The named reference aj was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[3] IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "chemical equilibrium". doi:10.1351/goldbook.C01023

[1]

[2]

[3]