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China became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 11 December 2001,[1] after the agreement of the Ministerial Conference.[2] The admission was preceded by a lengthy process of negotiations and required significant changes to the Chinese economy. Its membership has been contentious, with substantial economic and political effects on other countries (some times referred to as the China shock) and controversies over the mismatch between the WTO framework and China's economic model.[3][4] Assessing and enforcing compliance has become issues in China-US trade relations,[5] including how China's noncompliance creates benefits for its own economy.[6]
In 2024, the WTO stated that there is an "overall lack of transparency" in the Chinese government's financial subsidies for key industrial sectors.[7][8][9]
- ^ "WTO | Accessions: China". www.wto.org. Archived from the original on 2023-09-26. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
- ^ "Accession of the People's Republic of China - Decision of 10 November 2001". World Trade Organization. 23 November 2001. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
- ^ Mavroidis, Petros C.; Sapir, Andre (2021). China and the WTO: Why Multilateralism Still Matters. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-20660-8.
- ^ Tan, Yeling (2021). Disaggregating China, Inc.: State Strategies in the Liberal Economic Order. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1-5017-5963-5. JSTOR 10.7591/j.ctv1bxh5p1. Archived from the original on 2024-03-29. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
- ^ "Hearing: China and the WTO: Assessing and Enforcing Compliance". www.uscc.gov. Archived from the original on 2023-09-26. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
- ^ "False Hope & Broken Promises: Chinese Compliance With the WTO". Archived from the original on 2024-07-17. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
- ^ Farge, Emma (July 17, 2024). "China's industrial support programmes lack transparency, WTO says". Reuters. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
- ^ Bermingham, Finbarr (2024-07-17). "WTO says China backsliding on reforms and is not transparent on subsidies". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 2024-07-17. Retrieved 2024-07-17.
- ^ Stamm, Levin (2024-07-17). "WTO Cites Lack of Transparency on China Industrial Subsidies". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 2024-07-17. Retrieved 2024-07-17.