Chinese Soviet Republic

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Chinese Soviet Republic" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Chinese. (November 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at [[:zh:中华苏维埃共和国]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|zh|中华苏维埃共和国}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation. (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Chinese Soviet Republic 中華蘇維埃共和國
1931–1937
Flag (1934–1937)[1][2][3] Emblem
Motto: "Proletariats and oppressed peoples of the world, unite!"[n 1]
Anthem: "The Internationale"[n 2]
Map of the various soviets comprising the Chinese Soviet Republic and the route of the Long March
Capital	Ruijin, Jiangxi Soviet (1931–1934) Bao'an, Yan'an Soviet (1936–1937) Yan'an, Yan'an Soviet (1937)
Largest city	Ruijin
Government	Unitary Leninist one-party soviet socialist republic under a provisional government
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee
• 1931–1937	Mao Zedong
Chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Committee
• 1931–1937	Zhu De
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
• 1931–1934	Mao Zedong
• 1934–1937	Zhang Wentian
Legislature	National Congress of the Chinese Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies
Historical era	Interwar period
• Independence proclaimed from the Republic of China	7 November 1931
• Start of the Long March	7 October 1934
• Fall of Ruijin	10 November 1934
• Arrival at Shaanxi	22 October 1935
• Disintegration of the Soviet Republic	22 September 1937
Currency	Chinese Soviet yuan
Preceded by Succeeded by Soviet Zone Soviet Zone Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region

Part of a series on the
Chinese Communist Revolution
Mao Zedong and leading revolutionaries proclaim the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.
Outline of the Chinese Civil War
Origins Context Century of Humiliation 1911 Revolution Warlord Era Ideas Nationalism Anarchism Marxism Movements New Culture Movement May Fourth Movement Diligent Work-Frugal Study Movement
Early history First United Front Founding of the Communist Party Far Eastern Bureau of the Communist International Sun–Joffe Manifesto Left Kuomintang Peasant Movement Training Institute Canton Coup 28 Bolsheviks Labor organizing 1922 seamen's strike May Thirtieth Movement Canton–Hong Kong strike Northern Expedition Wuhan Government Hunan Report Hankou incident Nanjing Incident Shanghai Commune Break with the KMT
Civil War Aftermath of purge Nanchang Little Long March Autumn Harvest Guangzhou Internal Purges AB League Incident Futian incident Chinese Soviet Republic Jiangxi Soviet Chinese Red Army Long March Zunyi Conference Anti-Japanese resistance Xi'an Incident
Second United Front Second Sino-Japanese War New Fourth Army Eighth Route Army East River Column Hundred Regiments Offensive New Fourth Army Incident Communist base areas Yan'an Soviet Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region Yan'an Rectification Campaign Yan'an Forum Women's movement
Resumed Civil War Military conflict "Millet plus rifles" People's Liberation Army Operation Beleaguer Liaoshen campaign Huaihai campaign Pingjin campaign Retreat of the ROC to Taiwan Urban support for Communists China Democratic League Shen Chong case Jiaochangkou incident Yu Zisan Incident Revolutionary Committee of the KMT
Forming the People's Republic Government Central People's Government Writing the Constitution 1954 Constitution Reforms Land Reform New Marriage Law First five-year plan Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns Suppression of counterrevolutionaries Foreign relations Sino-Soviet Cooperation Annexation of Tibet Intervention in Korea Intervention in Vietnam
Legacy Mao Zedong Thought Marxism–Leninism–Maoism National Day 100th Anniversary of the CCP
China portal Communism portal
v t e

The Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR)^{[n 3]} was a state within China, proclaimed on 7 November 1931 by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leaders Mao Zedong and Zhu De in the early stages of the Chinese Civil War. The discontiguous territories of the CSR included 18 provinces and 4 counties under the Communists' control. The CSR's government was located in its largest component territory, the Jiangxi Soviet. Due to the importance of the Jiangxi Soviet in the CSR's early history, the name "Jiangxi Soviet" is sometimes used to refer to the CSR as a whole.^[8] Other component territories of the CSR included the Northeastern Jiangxi, Hunan-Jiangxi, Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi, Hunan-Western Hubei, Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou, Eyuwan, Shaanxi-Gansu, Sichuan-Shanxi, and Haifeng-Lufeng Soviets.

Mao Zedong was both CSR state chairman and prime minister; he led the state and its government. Mao's tenure as head of a "small state within a state" gave him experience in mobile warfare and peasant organization, which helped him lead the Chinese Communists to victory in 1949.^[9]

The Encirclement Campaigns launched by the Kuomintang in 1934 forced the CCP to abandon most of the soviets in southern China.^[9] The CCP (including the leadership of the CSR) embarked on the Long March from southern China to the Yan'an Soviet, where a rump CSR continued to exist. A complex series of events in 1936 culminated in the Xi'an Incident, in which Chiang Kai-shek was kidnapped and forced to negotiate with the CCP. The CCP offered to abolish the CSR and put the Chinese Red Army under (nominal) Kuomintang command in exchange for autonomy and an alliance against Japan. These negotiations were successful, and eventually led to the creation of the Second United Front. The CSR was officially dissolved on 22 September 1937 and the Yan'an Soviet was officially reconstituted as the Shaan-Gan-Ning and Jin-Cha-Ji Border Regions.^[10]

Cite error: There are <ref group=n> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=n}} template (see the help page).