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Christchurch
Ōtautahi (Māori) | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
| Nickname: The Garden City | |
| Motto(s): Fide Condita Fructu Beata Spe Fortis English: Founded in Faith, Rich in the Fulfillment thereof, Strong in Hope for the Future[1] | |
  Christchurch .svg) Christchurch | |
| Coordinates: 43°31′52″S 172°38′10″E / 43.53111°S 172.63611°E | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Island | South Island |
| Region | Canterbury |
| Communities |
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| Wards |
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| Settled by the UK | 1848 |
| Named for | Christ Church, Oxford |
| NZ Parliament | Banks Peninsula Christchurch Central Christchurch East Ilam Selwyn Waimakariri Wigram Te Tai Tonga (Māori) |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Phil Mauger |
| • MPs | |
| • Territorial authority | Christchurch City Council |
| Area | |
• Territorial | 1,426 km2 (551 sq mi) |
| • Land | 1,415.15 km2 (546.39 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 294.43 km2 (113.68 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,408.1 km2 (929.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 6 m (20 ft) |
| Population (June 2024)[4] | |
• Territorial | 415,100 |
| • Density | 290/km2 (750/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 403,300 |
| • Urban density | 1,400/km2 (3,500/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 545,171 |
| • Metro density | 230/km2 (590/sq mi) |
| • Demonym | Cantabrian |
| Time zone | UTC+12:00 (NZST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+13:00 (NZDT) |
| Postcode(s) | 8011, 8013, 8014, 8022, 8023, 8024, 8025, 8041, 8042, 8051, 8052, 8053, 8061, 8062, 8081, 8082, |
| Area code | 03 |
| Local iwi | Kāti Māmoe, Kāi Tahu |
| Website | ChristchurchNZ.com |
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Christchurch (/ˈkraɪs.tʃɜːrtʃ/ ; Māori: Ōtautahi) is the largest city in the South Island and the second-largest city by urban area population in New Zealand.[a] Christchurch has an urban population of 415,100, and a metropolitan population of over half a million. It is located in the Canterbury Region, near the centre of the east coast of the South Island, east of the Canterbury Plains. It is located near the southern end of Pegasus Bay, and is bounded to the east by the Pacific Ocean and to the south by the ancient volcanic complex of the Banks Peninsula. The Avon River (Ōtākaro) winds through the centre of the city, with a large urban park along its banks. With the exception of the Port Hills, it is a relatively flat city, on an average around 20 m (66 ft) above sea level. Christchurch has a reputation for being an English city, with its architectural identity and nickname the 'Garden City' due to similarities with garden cities in England, but also has a historic Māori heritage. Christchurch has a temperate oceanic climate with regular moderate rainfall.
The area of modern-day greater Christchurch was first inhabited by the historic Māori iwi Waitaha in the mid-thirteenth century. Waitaha, who occupied the swamplands with patchworks of marshland, were invaded by Kāti Māmoe in the sixteenth century, and then were absorbed by Kāi Tahu a century later. Ōtautahi was inhabited seasonally, and a major trading centre was established at Kaiapoi Pā. British colonial settlement began in the mid-nineteenth century. The First Four Ships were chartered by the Canterbury Association and brought the Canterbury Pilgrims from Britain to Lyttelton Harbour in 1850. It became a city by royal charter on 31 July 1856, making it officially the oldest established city in New Zealand. Christchurch was heavily industrialised in the early 20th century, with the opening of the Main South Line railway and the development of state housing saw rapid growth in the city's economy and population.
Christchurch has strong cultural connections with its European elements and architectural identity. Christchurch is also home to a number of performing arts centres and academic institutions (including the University of Canterbury). Christchurch has hosted numerous international sporting events, notably the 1974 British Commonwealth Games at the purpose-built Queen Elizabeth II Park. The city has been recognised as an Antarctic gateway since 1901, and is nowadays one of the five Antarctic gateway cities hosting Antarctic support bases for several nations. Christchurch is served by the Christchurch Airport in Harewood, the country's second-busiest airport.
The city suffered a series of earthquakes from September 2010, with the most destructive occurring on 22 February 2011, in which 185 people were killed and thousands of buildings across the city suffered severe damage, with a few central city buildings collapsing, leading to ongoing recovery and rebuilding projects. Christchurch later became the site of a terrorist attack targeting two mosques on 15 March 2019.
- ^ "Civic coats of arms". Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
- ^ "Urban Rural 2020 (generalised) – GIS | | GIS Map Data Datafinder Geospatial Statistics | Stats NZ Geographic Data Service". datafinder.stats.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
- ^ "NZ Topographic Map". Land Information New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
- ^ a b c "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
- ^ "Yeah, Nah: Is Wellington (or Christchurch) NZ's second city?". Stuff. 2 September 2022. Archived from the original on 17 June 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
- ^ "Functional urban areas – methodology and classification". Statistics New Zealand. 10 February 2021. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
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